Suharto

Indonesia is the largest economy in South-East Asia; it has progressed into a decentralized electoral democracy and has managed to reduce its overall poverty from 17 percent in 2004 to 11 percent in 2014. However, despite their steady economy and major improvements, nearly 40 percent of Indonesia lives just above the poverty line. Additionally, Indonesian public services and health standards fall behind other middle-income countries; these facts combined with their high rates of maternal mortality

The 1997-1998 globalization effects in Indonesia “In 1998 20% of the Indonesian population were below the poverty line. In 1999, 28% of the population was below the poverty line. Then in 2000, 22% of the population was below the poverty line” (Rukmana). The International Monetary Fund (IMF) claims to help countries in poverty achieve macroeconomic stability to reduce poverty. Macroeconomic stability is the balance of healthy rates of: GDP, unemployment, and price indices (Gupya). Indonesia

In this write-up I will argue that despite factors such as different identities, the largely prevalent separatist conflicts in Indonesia are mainly based on resources. I will attempt to demonstrate that identity was instrumentalized in the colonial times to gain political and economic control, and that spilled over to an internal colonialism in Indonesia in contemporary times. This created the foundation for the Central government to instrumentalize constructed identities to gain economic control

The history of Indonesia is an interesting journey that has been dramatically impacted by the presence of many historical immigrations to the country. The country’s rich tradition in the arena of commerce and trade, which stems from its geographic location, has also served as a critical institution in effected how the country has grown and developed. The outside influences that have been brought to the string of islands via these avenues cannot be understated. Trading and commerce brought with it

State Mass Killings in Indonesia 1965 to 1966 In order to develop a general framework with which to understand collective political violence, I examine state mass killings in Indonesia 1965-66. While acknowledging the importance of historical/cultural factors, I identify elements within the sociopolitical sphere that influence actors of collective political violence at national, local, and event- specific levels. Elements discussed are elite interests, justification for violence, formal organizations

Dictatorship to Democracy Overnight Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia that was under a military dictatorship for 32 years. The dictatorship era started after the failure of communist coup d’état by Indonesia’s Communist Party in 1966. General Suharto, the one who had the biggest role in failing the coup d’état, ousted the first president and established an autocratic anti-communist regime known as the New Order, which attracted political and economic support from Western governments during the

traditions. In addition, the challenges to the authority of the Republic were consisted of the militant Darul Islam who then waged a guerrilla struggle in opposition to the Republic from 1948 – 1962. (Taylor 2003) The New Order administration of Suharto during his presicdency was being supported by the US government, and encouraged ‘foreign direct investment’ for Indonesia. That was a major factor subsequent to the three consecutive decades of

Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 1. History of the Salim Group 2 1.1 Phase One: Introduction of a Conglomerate 2 1.2 Phase Two: Transition to the Second Generation 4 1.3 Phase Three: Financial Crisis and Reform 5 2. Competitive Environment 6 3. Features 7 3.1 Ownership and Organizational Structure 7 3.2 Leadership and Decision Making 9 3.3 Connections and Relationships 10 3.4 Social Capital 11 3.4.1 Public Perception Related to Corruption 12 3.4.2 Reputation as a Source

How does Melati Suryodarmo explore the Cultural Body in her performance art work? Through this essay I am going to explore the Cultural Body in the works and career of Melati Suryodarmo. In aid of my research and exploration I will consider two of the most influential artists during her training and two of her works: Rindu, her first solo performance in 1996, and Ballad of Treasures, performed in 2004. The Cultural Body in performance is the presentation of a person or country’s culture through the

INTRODUCTION: The Multicultures, The Hegemony, And The Underground The notion of multicultural society seems particularly attractive to the scholars who studying the Indonesian. As the multicultural nation-state, according to Geertz (1983; Watson, 2006), Indonesia has more 300 ethnics and the largest multicultural nation-state. By the Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity), the unity of Indonesia became a consensus for whole cultures which lived in Indonesia. Artificially, this unity was constructed