PHYS2091_U4 AS(1)

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Kean University *

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2091

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Physics

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Apr 25, 2024

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docx

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PHYS2091 Unit 4 AS: Homework 4 Description: The purpose of this assignment is to develop problem-solving skills using real-life examples. The students will engage in problems ranging from everyday activities to the applications of physics in biology. Instructions: This assignment has 15 questions of various complexities. Upload your answers as a single PDF file on Blackboard. 35 points CSLO 1 (a – e), 2, 3 1. (3 points) (a) Calculate the work done on a 1500-kg elevator car by its cable to lift it 40.0 m at constant speed, assuming friction averages 100 N. [(1500)(9.8)+100] x 40= 5.92x10^2J (b) What is the work done on the lift by the gravitational force in this process? (1500)(9.8)(40)= 5.88x10^5J (c) What is the total work done on the lift? 0J 2. (5 points) A shopper pushes a grocery cart 20.0 m at constant speed on level ground, against a 35.0 N frictional force. He pushes in a direction 35.0° below the horizontal. (a) What is the work done on the cart by friction? (35)(20)cos(180)= -700J (b) What is the work done on the cart by the gravitational force? (20)cos(90)= 0J (c) What is the work done on the cart by the shopper? (-700)-0 = 700J (d) Find the force the shopper exerts, using energy considerations. 700/(20)cos(35)= 38.7N (e) What is the total work done on the cart? 0J 3. (2 points) (a) Calculate the force needed to bring a 950-kg car to rest from a speed of 90.0 km/h in a distance of 120 m (a fairly typical distance for a non-panic stop). –(950)[(90)(1000/1) (1/3600)]^2/2(120)= -2.474x10^3N (b) Suppose instead the car hits a concrete abutment at full speed and is brought to a stop in 2.00 m. Calculate the force exerted on the car and compare it with the force found in part (a). -(950) [(90.0) (1000/1) (1/3600)]/ 2(2.0) = -1.484 x 10^5N -1.484 x 10^5/ -2.474 x10^3= 60 N 4. (1 point) A car’s bumper is designed to withstand a 4.0-km/h (1.12-m/s) collision with an immovable object without damage to the body of the car. The bumper cushions the shock by
absorbing the force over a distance. Calculate the magnitude of the average force on a bumper that collapses 0.200 m while bringing a 900-kg car to rest from an initial speed of 1.12 m/s. 900/2(0.200)((0)-1.1)^2)= 2722.5N 5. (2 points) Suppose a 350-g kookaburra (a large kingfisher bird) picks up a 75-g snake and raises it 2.5 m from the ground to a branch. (a) How much work did the bird do on the snake? (75x10^-3)(9.8)(2.5)= 1.837J (b) How much work did it do to raise its own center of mass to the branch? (0.350)(9.8)(2.5)= 8.575J 6. (1 point) A 5 × 10 5 kg subway train is brought to a stop from a speed of 0.500 m/s in 0.400 m by a large spring bumper at the end of its track. What is the force constant k of the spring? (5.00x10^5)(0.5)^2/(0.400)= 7.812x10^5N/m 7. (2 points) A car is traveling at 10 m/s. (a) How fast would the car need to go to double its kinetic energy? 14.14m/s (b) By what factor does the car’s kinetic energy increase if its speed is doubled to 20 m/s? Factor= K 1/ K 2 = 200/50 = 4 8. (2 points) (a) What is the kinetic energy of a 1,500 kg car traveling at a speed of 30 m/s? ½ (1500)(30)^2= 67.5x10^5J (b) From what height should the car be dropped to have this same amount of kinetic energy just before impact? (30)^2/2(9.8)= 45.92m 9. (1 point) Melissa drags a 23 kg duffel bag 15 m across the gym floor. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor and the bag is 0.18, how much thermal energy does Melissa create? W = 40.6134 ×15=609.201 J 10. (4 points) A 2.3 kg box, starting from rest, is pushed up a ramp by a a10 N force parallel to the ramp. The ramp is 2.0 m long and tilted at 17°. The speed of the box at the top is 0.80 m/s. (a) How much work is done by the force on the system (box + ramp + Earth)? 20J (b) What is the change in kinetic energy of the system? ½(2.3)(0.8)^2= 0.736J (c) What is the change in gravitational potential energy of the system? 2.3(9.8)(2.0sin17)= 13.194J (d) What is the change in thermal energy of the system? 6.07J 11. (3 points) A 50 kg sprinter, starting from rest, runs 50 m in 7.0 s at constant acceleration. (a) What is the magnitude of the horizontal force acting on the sprinter? 2(50)/(7.0)^2= 2.04m/s^2 (b) What is the sprinter’s average power output during the first 2.0 s of his run? (102)(4.08)/2= 208.1W (c) What is the sprinter’s average power output during the final 2.0 s? (102)(24.5)/2= 1249.5W
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