The manager of an integrated energy and environmental management system is responsible for allocating carbon-emission treatment amount to each carbon emitter within a multi-period horizon. In a regional energy system, there are some limitations for total emission amounts set up by the emission constraints in certain periods. If carbon emission is larger than the emission target, the over-limit part should be treated by carbon mitigation facilities. In period k, carbon emission amounts should be no more than the summation of carbon emission permit and the surplus credits from previous period (k −1), in which surplus of emission credits are to be transferable to a consecutive period (Li et al. 2012). Moreover, carbon emission inventory of different emitters may vary from each period under the different operating condition, which can be expressed as a random variable, the study system can be formulated through a MSP approach. Thus, in a MSP model for carbon emission management system, the objective is to maximize system benefits while satisfying the total carbon emission requirement. Specifically, the economic objective can be formulated as follows: (1a) where are decision variables that are reflected in the objective function and determined by the capacity of carbon capture measures.
During a certain period, there is a maximum limit for total carbon emission amount (1b) (1c)
Have you ever wondering where your electricity comes from? How your car uses gasoline to run? What about how these things impact our environment or how we are going to keep producing them? As a country, we need to start looking ahead to the future and planning for what is to come. Currently, 86% of America’s energy comes from petroleum, natural gas, and coal. All of these resources will run out eventually. We need renewable energy sources that will keep producing in a clean, more efficient way for a long time. Before committing to an idea and going all the way with it, we need to compare all the different energy sources available to the U.S. and choose the one that is best for everyone.
An added twist on the cap policy allows firms to trade emission allotments between themselves based on the buyer of allotment bargaining with the seller over the proper price to pay for the extra allotment. A two-panel diagram is needed to better understand the logic of trading emission allotments. Figure 4 illustrates the marginal cost of reducing emissions of two firms. One firm is run on older technology with high abatement costs that goes from right to left with zero costs represented at the lower right-hand corner of the diagram. The other firm has newer technology in its plant with lower abatement costs that goes left to right with zero costs represented at the lower left-hand corner of the diagram. The width of the horizontal axis is the reduction in emissions that must be achieved overall to an efficient level.
The cap on the market is set on carbon emissions, creating scarcity within the market. At the end of each year businesses within the scheme are required to ensure they have enough allowances to account for their installation’s actual emissions. Those firms that do not comply and pollute without sufficient permits are hit with heavy fines. (Euro 100 per ton). The aim of carbon trading is to create a market in pollution permits and put a price on carbon. In this way, policy can help internalise external costs of firms’ production and encourage lower emissions to tackle climate change. In a cap and trade system, the volume permits would gradually decline and total emissions, in theory, will diminish. The model of such can be shown as
Green Coast Power has decided to partner with the Metlakatla First Nation, where the proposed wind farm will be in operation. This decision was made carefully after a cost-benefit analysis of other First Nation bands. Establishing several advantages where it is expected to create jobs, provide energy to the whole Metlakatla and Prince Rupert community and also contribute in economic development in these areas. Metlakatla First Nation is keen to partnering in these projects and to bring economic development in their area. It is essential that we approach them respectably and cautiously recognizing their rights, title and treaties and ability to self-govern themselves, this will help GCP move forward
With regards to which measure is the best for reducing Canada’s carbon dioxide emissions, it is best to analyze each system. The externality of pollution is considered a market failure. This failure is defined as the social marginal benefit not being equal to the social marginal cost. Therefore, we need to determine how can pollution be reduced so that the benefits are larger than the costs under a competitive market. (Brander, 2014, pp. 190-193). The systems will be investigated under price volatility, compliance of system, revenue generated, and
Government enacted solutions are probably the most effective ways to reduce carbon emissions and to control pollution since unfortunately the majority of individuals mainly act to their own self-interest and are not concerned with the future of the planet. This is a prime example of the tragedy of the commons, which is the exploitation of a common resource. In this case the common resource is the atmosphere. The first method proposed is the carbon cap trade system. The term cap means the limit or the maximum of the amount of pollutant to be emitted. A trade refers to the transfer of permits that have to be bought by firms that need to increase their volume of emissions from firms that require fewer permits 1. The carbon tax method is a tax on the carbon content of fuels — effectively a tax on the carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels 2. So, which system would be best for the government to enact to reduce carbon emissions in the atmosphere?
The coal industry in the United States has been a substantial job industry in states such as Wyoming, Kentucky, and Ohio providing up to over 76,000 mining careers in 2014 that area essential for the areas surrounding the mines but employment number is less than that of Arby’s, the fast food chain (Ingraham 2017). This size of the career poll brings into question what direction would be most beneficial for the United States in terms of our energy industries and where we should focus our efforts in terms of resources and time. The employment in the coal industry decreases exponentially with time due to the modern technology used to mine coal and decreasing demand. Additionally, coal mining has become
Climate change poses a huge risk to human beings and natural system hence the need for policies to reduce carbon dioxide gas emissions to the environment and the damages caused by the rapidly changing climate. This is the reason countries like the United States of America enacted command and control policies to try and curb the rate of pollution of the environment (Davies & Mazurek, 2014 ). This paper will explain the command and control policy, give an example where the policy has been used, outline how it has fared since its enactment and the economic principle behind
Scholars and policymakers have highlighted several drawbacks associated with the carbon tax in that it is not a long-term revenue source. Because a large enough tax will theoretically change behavior and decrease the use of carbon products long-term, revenue would decrease. Therefore, revenue recycling makes an economy unattractive to investors. Also, at the implementation stage, it is expected to be costly for the local governments and businesses to implement the carbon tax and the reallocation of resources after implementation. The carbon tax would also increase cost of production creating domestic and international
I have developed a sustainability plan that I believe will continue to flourish productively for the remainder of our generation. I am holding on to the hope that by the very time the following family generations have arrived, there will be an efficient renewable energy resource to replace my nonrenewable energy resource and maintain necessary sustainability.
With its offer to acquire SolarCity, Tesla wants to create the world’s first vertically integrated clean energy company encompassing everything from power generation, to storage and to transportation. As one company, Tesla (storage) and SolarCity (solar) can create fully integrated residential, commercial and grid-scale products that improve the way that energy is generated, stored and consumed. Tesla has offered an all-stock offer of $2.6 billion for SolarCity (Szal, Tesla, SolarCity Hope Merger Will Accelerate Solar Energy, 2016). This would be a steep discount compared to SolarCity’s stock price of just a year or two ago when it was trading above $65 per share. Since reaching those highs, SolarCity’s stock price has fallen to the $15-$25 range. A combined Tesla and SolarCity will be able to provide the first ever opportunity to generate, store and consume energy entirely sustainably, through a suite of integrated products that add aesthetics and function while reducing cost. By leveraging SolarCity’s installation network and Tesla’s global retail footprint, this can be accomplished in a way that is seamless for customers and that will create significant value for shareholders.
Estimating future emissions is difficult, because it depends on demographic, economic, technological, policy, and institutional developments. Several emissions scenarios have been developed based on differing projections of these underlying factors. For example, by 2100, in the absence of emissions control policies, carbon dioxide concentrations are projected to be
The world is depended on oil and soon oil will become more valuable than gold and could lead to a worldwide war. Price for oil could soar to above two hundred fifty dollars per barrel. Oil and other fuel cell also cause green house gases which contribute to global warming. China is consuming two times more petroleum than 1996 and India is projected to consume three times the oil it currently does by 2050. Global house gas emission has increased by twenty percent from 2003 to 2006. Energy consumption has increased exponentially throughout the globe. The U.S. department of energy projects energy consumption will increase seventy percent from 2003 to 2030. The world has agreed to reduce emission by twenty five percent before 2020 and by over
According to Mintzberg, the environmental school of thought is a strategy dealing with the forces outside the organization. Unlike the other schools in his book, Strategy Safari, the environment plays a central role in the strategy formation process alongside leadership and the organization where the organization becomes subordinate to the external environment. The environmental school assumptions are that during the formative period of the organization the company shapes itself in response to the environment, but after that period is increasingly unable to respond to the environment. Moreover, the organization long term survival depends on the early choices made during its formative period. Over time, Mintzberg states, leadership becomes
I, Vineet Kr. Gupta, am completed M.Tech (Energy & Environmental Management) from Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India. I wish to apply for the suitable position (Environment Management Division) in your organization in the thrust area of Environment Management.