The Social Construction of Technology (or SCOT) is a new research tradition rooted in the sociology of technology. SCOT provides a multi-directional model based on the property of interpretative flexibility, and emphasizes on social influences on the technology design and development. This paper will apply SCOT principles to explore the development of cell phone, define the development of cell phone into three different stages historically, and analyze the interpretative flexibility of the cell phone accordingly in the three different stages. Based on SCOT theory, this paper will discuss how the original huge cell phones are shaped and developed by social influences to the smartphones in today’s life. In 1983, Motorola released its first …show more content…
They defined the newly raised industry. What they made, how they design, and to whom they sell their products made a fundamental influence on this young industry. The third social group was those who didn’t own a cell phone but were interested in having one. Despite the huge shape and the heavyweight, cell phones became the new crazy of that time when it was released to public. However the problem was, this group of people could not afford it, and even if they could afford the cell phones, it wouldn’t be necessary to buy if they hardly got the chance to use. According to SCOT, the cell phone can be interpreted in many ways according to different social groups. To solve the problems that each social groups had, the makers have made the cell phones cheaper, lighter, and smaller than before. According to the first profile of cell phone users generated in 1987, the majority group of users, who were at the age between 35 and 50, had income in excess of 35000 dollars in average, but the average mobile phone at the time only cost 1000 dollars, with portables reaching 2000 dollars. Also in 1987, Nokia launched its first handheld phone, the Mobira Cityman 900, which just weighs 800g. This phone was the first compact phone, and it was significantly lighter and more portable than its predecessors. In the first stage of the cell phone development, the
Technology is more present than ever in the modern day society. While technology has evolved in the past years its use has become an important part of the daily life of a person. Many persons revolve around their phone as their phone has become the center of their life. The cell phone industry has taken over the life of many persons and amongst this person it includes students. Technology is often seen in the shape of a cell phone while technology various from cell phones to computers cell phone are amongst the most used model of technology.
“You always have the trendsetters who are not afraid of trying new things and then everyone else follows”- Patricia Grullon. The trendsetters in my opinion are a very important a product popular.Although this was great cell phone usage hadn’t spread to the general public yet. They were mainly used in the business world, but most people didn't have it for personal use like you see today. Let’s face it now a days everyone has cell phones because the technology has advanced and that makes phones cheaper to buy so parents won’t be as hesitant to buy their child a phone.
The cellphone was the form of technology chosen because, despite the financial investment that the cellphone is, many people have one. The large quantity cellphone owners led to the conclusion that there must be ideology surrounding the cellphone. Due to the gaps of technological
When a new technology or an advancement is introduced into society, there is no doubt that it will in, some way, reconfigure social relations. In some ways the changes can be very beneficial, but not all changes are always intentional. Wiebe Bijker introduced the idea that “A machine is a Socio-Technical Ensemble” (Bijker,1993) which when broken down is a way of saying that all technology consists of social dynamics and practicable technology. An iPhone is a prime example of a socio-technical ensemble. The technical aspect of the iPhone lays within the engineers, how they designed it to be piece of technology which allows people to communicate, perform functions, and be a platform for applications. The social dynamics of the iPhone is created by people communicating using a device and utilizing the apps it offers. The engineers of the iPhone can be seen
Paragraph 2: (Background of Invention) The cellular phone was first invented in the 19th century and is still used to this day. The purpose of the phone is to be able to communicate with people in different areas, regions and countries. This is shown when the author says, “The telephone first appeared in the late 19th century as a largely mechanical device and continued to develop throughout the 20th century based primarily on analog electronics.” This means that, the cell phone has developed during time, going from a small pocket device with an antenna and a beeper to a touchscreen mp3 player, videogame console, web searcher, camera, calculator and communication device. In the modern age a cell phone is almost a “requirement” since everyone from ages 10+ have one sticking out of their pockets. While it is a “requirement” it is also a luxury, because of how some companies modernize their inventions and add many new features some people can only afford the old, simple ones or can’t even afford one at all.
This paper sets out to explore the correlation between cell phone advertising and the effects it has had on our society. I will provide evidence that advertising has transformed our social norms in regards to cell phone usage. First topic of discussion will be on the history of the cell phone, discussing the advances they have made in the last 20 years. Next will be the discussion of advertising as a separate entity, and then confer advertising regarding cell phones. I will also be discussing some social and cultural implications of all the new cell phone users. By the end of this paper you will be convinced that there is a correlation between cell phone advertising; how and who
Have you ever wondered what would the world resemble in the event that we didn 't have any cell phones? Why is it that we get out of our comfort zone when we do not have access to our phones? Nowadays, cell phones have such a noteworthy effect on our day to day lives, and we owe it to the advancement of technology. In this research paper, we will take a closer look at this phenomenon by examining the evolution of cell phone devices, and it’s effects on society.
Apple’s I-Phone is a creative product that has a constant product life cycle. Each new phone that Apple produces goes through the same process. The simple lifecycle of which I will discuss a small scope of within this essay relating to social factors is, introduction, growth and maturity and then decline. Social Factors that revolve around the life cycle of the I-Phone are those such as trends, social media, social reputation and the competition around you. As the I-Phone is a technological advancement in itself technology will be a main focus through the entire argument. The social factors that tie in to the lifecycle of the I-Phone relate or tie in to the technological advancements of the product. I will discuss how the product is received and mass-produced to the point where there is no longer a market and the lifecycle ends.
Cellphones began as simple single purpose devices that had long-term user sustainability due to relatively infrequent large-scale technology changes. There was no incentive to purchase a new unit until the customers current unit had reached a point where it could no longer be repaired.
On December 3rd, 1992 a british engineer by the name of Neil Papworth sent the very first text message in the history of wireless communication. The way he achieved wasn 't by cell phone to cellphone. It was successful done by computer to cellphone. The SMS, short for short message service, sent that day was “ Merry Christmas” That’s when the age of wireless communication began. Although people thought it was a revolution to start communicating wirelessly with others. But what they are really getting out of it is a device that people, till this day, mindlessly spend their time texting. Are they really getting closer as humans should? Or are they looking at a screen while life flows away at each touch of the screen.
groundbreaking work with the severely addicted on Vancouver’s skid row, In the Realm of Hungry
Unlike most technologies, the mobile phone has taken the world by storm. There was a time when it was assumed that only the rich people were those who can afford mobile phones. It is most likely still true, however there is another thought needed for the modern world. People today, wealthy and those even considered poor, have the latest mobile phones. Everyone seems to own not one but even two or three mobile phones at the same time. Children as young as six years old are fond of texting, playing games, and
The first invention of the cellphone that eventually led to the modern day smartphone was created in 1973. The first cellphone prototype was called the Motorola DynaTAC in 1973. The first cellphone call ever made was from Marty Cooper, who was an employee of Motorola employee at the time. The world’s first smartphone was released by its’ creators, BellSouth and IBM in 1993. Its’ features included mail, fax, address book, calendar,
Wearing your computer may not be a future fashion statement so much as a way to carry the most ubiquitous personal electronic device with us wherever we may roam. Gear lust of the wearable sort stretches back to Bat Man 's utility belt: technology you could take with you on the go. Today, we carry the modern version of a Star Trek communicator (the cell phone)-a device that is increasingly indispensable. Alongside the cell phone are a host of other handheld gadgets that would have been science fiction a few short years ago: child locators, universal remote controls (now capable of turning the AC down on hot summer days, opening the miniblinds, and controlling our increasingly-complex home entertainment systems, just to name a few standard jobs), portable CD and DVD players, and personal organizers. But where does our infatuation with portable technology come from? In the 1980 's, during the era of Reaganomics, computers became personal-and profitable. Until the first generation of the so-called 'home computers ', computers had been anything but personal. Most of them were million-dollar mammoths that took up whole floors of buildings and took an engineering degree just to find the power button. Large corporations like IBM and Xerox were the only entities outside government agencies and research facilities that could afford computers-ironic, since many of the same corporations would miss the boat when it came to initial investments in the PC market. The Internet-destined
When cell phones were first introduced, they were large and expensive. In 1983 the first truly mobile phone was released by Motorola. It was the Motorola DynaTAC 8000x. To some people it is known as the “Zack Morris phone.” He used this phone on a regular basis in a popular television show called “Saved by the bell” which took place in the late 80’s to early 90’s. It was an extremely large device compared to the ones we are used to now and it was only designed to make phone calls. It was not often used for personal use like today. “They were primarily used in the sales and business world, but not for personal use like you see today” said Kreg Jones, an industrial designer and industrial design instructor at the Art institute of Philadelphia (“The History and Evolution of Cell Phones”). Initially cell phones could only make phone calls. In later cell phones eventually voicemail was added, but the main feature was still talking. Eventually companies realized the potential to integrate other technologies into the phones.