The Effect Of Enzyme Enzymes On The Concentration Of An Enzyme

Used to see if the temperature of the water is at 37oc – 40oc and if

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, without being used up or changed. Catalase is a globular protein molecule that is found in all living cells. A globular protein is a protein with its molecules curled up into a 'ball' shape. All enzymes have an active site. This is where another molecule(s) can bind with the enzyme. This molecule is known as the substrate. When the substrate binds with the enzyme, a product is produced. Enzymes are specific to their substrate, because the shape of their active site will only fit the shape of their substrate. It is said that the substrate is complimentary to their substrate.

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of reaction without being used up during the reaction, which take place in living organisms. They do this by lowering the activation energy. The activation energy is the energy needed to start the reaction.

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

We then recorded the initial color. We placed each tube in boiling water for one minute and recorded the color results and gave our conclusion. To test for starch using Lugol’s solution, we reused the test tubes and added a squirt of the solution. We recorded the final color and then our conclusion for each content. To test for lipids using paper towels, we placed a drop of solution and we let it stand for one minute. We then recorded our observation, if it was dry or not dry and wrote our conclusion for each sample. To test for proteins using Biuret’s reagent, we added a squirt of stock solution plus a few drops of Biuret’s solution. We wrote the initial color. We then shook the solution and waited for two minutes before recording the results. After the two minutes, we wrote the final color and conclusion for each content. For the unknowns, we wrote the odor and appearance of each content and then tested the benedict’s, starch, lipid, and protein test and wrote our conclusion.

In order to understand how enzymes work, it is important to know what a catalyst is. A catalyst is a substance that enhances the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any irreversible chemical change at the end of the reaction (Chemicool). An enzyme is a protein that functions as a catalyst during chemical reactions. In order for chemical reactions to occur, a certain amount of energy in what is known as the activation

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

There are thousands of chemical reactions that occur in an organism that make life possible. Most of these chemical reactions occur too slowly on their own. Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in a cell. Catalysts are not changed by the reactions they control, and are not used up during the reaction. Enzymes therefore, can be used over and over again. Enzymes are large complex proteins made by the cell and allow chemical reactions to take place at the temperature of the cell. These catalysts are needed in only very small amounts because a single enzyme molecule can complete the same reaction thousands of times in one minute.

The reaction rate of enzymes decreases with salt due to ions present in the water. These ions are so strong that they block the interactions between amino acids and denature the protein or the ions in saline are present in such a minute quantity that enzyme attract each other and becomes inactive which inhibit the enzyme activity by changing the shape of an

Most enzymes are proteins that act to accelerate the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes are amongst the largest and most highly specialized types of proteins (Cooper, 2000). They are commonly referred to as biological catalysts because they catalyze reactions that are essential for life. Enzymes allow life on earth to happen. Without enzymes, some reactions would take far too long and would not allow life to prosper. For example, a reaction that, by itself, takes years to occur, with an enzyme, can happen in a matter of seconds (Cooper, 2000). The way enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions is by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to

The purpose of this lab report is to investigate the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity as tested with the enzyme catalase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide at several concentrations to produce oxygen. It was assumed that an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration would decrease the amount of time the paper circle with the enzyme catalase present on it, sowing an increase in enzyme activity. Therefore it can be hypothesised that there would be an effect on catalase activity from the increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration measured in time for the paper circle to ride to the top of the solution.

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help reactions take place. In short, enzymes reduce the energy needed for a reaction to take place, permitting a reaction to take place more easily. Some enzymes are shape specific and reduce the energy for certain reactions. Enzymes have unique folds of the amino acid chain which result in specifically shaped active sites (Frankova Fry 2013). When substrates fit in the active site of an enzyme, then it is able to catalyze the reaction. Enzyme activity is affected by the concentrations of the enzymes and substrate present (Worthington 2010). As the incidence of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases. Additionally, as the incidence of substrate increases so does the rate of reaction.

(6.2)Material and Methods in the process or exercise of measuring the starch we were used the following material and how we used them to conduct the experiment. Obtain seven tubes the material to be tested table 6.1 and then add seven to ten drops of iodine to each tube, and then record the color of the tubes contents in table 6.1

Therefore, to determine those various constants, kinetic enzymatic activity must be measured. The absorbance will be measured using a a Genesys 10S UV-VIS spectrophotometer which uses VISIONlite software.