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- 5.Myasthenia (muscle weakness)is characterized by damage in the transmission of neurotic impuise and decreased amount of acetylcholine due to autoimmune mechanisms. Prozerine is used for treatment of this disease.Specify the mechanism of this drug action. For this: 1)Write the reaction of acetylcholine degradation at neuromuscular junction. 2)What enzyme will be inhibited with prozerine? Name the class of this enzyme. 3)What is the mechanism of this enzyme inhibition?3. Suggest a role for ActA in addition to Arp2/3 complex mediated actin polymerization. Extend the watermelon seed analogy used in the lecture. Compare wild-type Listeria with the ActA mutant. If the watermelon seed is Listeria and your fingers are a comet tail, what would the outcome be when squeezing your fingers when using wild-type Listeria, what would you expect when using the mutant? Answer Here: One role for ActA in addition to Arp2/3 complex mediation6. Increasing the aldosterone secretion during prolonged muscle activity in hot weather allows you to compensate for the sodium loss in sweat and remove the accumulated excess of potassium. Explain these biological effects of the hormone during exercise. For answer: „Total Signal transduction starting with hormon recopios, e) explain the role of the hormone in the regulation of gene transcription and translation; d) describe the role of proteins that have their synthesis regulated by aldosterone.
- 3. The /C50 value for a drug called razundib for a Src kinase is 15 nM. The Src kinase is known to bind ATP with a dissociation constant (KD) of 0.05 mM. If the concentration of ATP in the cell is 0.75 mM, what is the value of K, for rasundib with respect to the Src kinase?7. Describe shunting inhibition. What is the cellular mechanism, and how does it cause inhibitory effects?14) Which of the following correctly ranks the steps in the secretory pathway? 1. Active PKA subunits phosphorylate targets in the cell, regulating function. 2. The catalytic subunits of PKA dissociate. 3. Gprotein a subunit exchanges bound GDP for GTP. 4. CAMP binds to the regulatory subunits of PKA, activating it. 5. Ga subunit dissociates from complex and activates adenylate cyclase. 6. Ligand (hormone) binds to receptor. 7. Activated adenylate cyclase produces CAMP from ATP.
- 6. Increasing the aldosterone secretion during prolonged muscle activity in hot weather allows you to compensate for the sodium loss in sweat and remove the accumulated excess of potassium. Explain these biological effects of the hormone during exercise. For answer: suruction starting with nonmonė c) explain the role of the hormone in the regulation of gene transcription and translation; d) describe the role of proteins that have their synthesis regulated by aldosterone.2. Of the molecules shown below, which one would you expect to inhibit chymotrypsin most effectively? Why? B B VE TË NË TË N2. The Ca2+ ATPase pumps on the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane play an important role in muscle contraction. In patients with muscular dystrophy, there is some evidence that shows the expression of the Ca2+ ATPase pumps is diminished (there are fewer). Which of the following cellular effects may be a result of the diminished number of Ca2+ ATPase pumps? A)Reduced Ca2+ release through the RyR B)Reduced Ca2+ uptake into the SR C)Slowed activity of the Na/K pump D)Reduced communication between the DHP receptor and the Ca2+ ATPase pumps E)Reduced communication between the DHP Receptor and the Ryanodine receptor
- 7. Describe a ligand-gated channel signal pathway. What effects can opening or closing an ion channel have on cells? What type of cell is generally associated with this pathway?5. Describe the distinct SH domains and their binding specificities. How are SH domains in regulating the specificity of siganling?10. In the figure below, match each letter with the molecule or the protein it corresponds to. B D GTP ● F C AMP Adenylyl cyclase Phosphodiesterase G protein Adrenaline CAMP Second messenger GPCR ATP E (A)