2. The following chart shows the crossover frequencies for some genes on an autosome of organism Y. Construct a chromosome map. Which two genes are most likely going to be inherited together? Genes Crossover Frequency W & S 8% C & W C & B 3% 5.5% C & S 11% B & S 5.5%
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If the genes are located on the same chromosome then they are classified as linked genes and they always try to stay together in the next generation and do not allow crossing over between them during meiosis.
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- 1. Which changes in chromosome structure cause a change in the total amount of genetic material, and which do not? 2. How does a chromosomal duplication occur? 3. An inversion heterozygote has the following inverted chromosome: B What would be the products if a crossover occurred between the genes F and E on the inverted chromosome and the normal chromosome? 4. An individual has the following reciprocal translocation: с D Centromere A B JI HGF ED CKLM Inverted region с D What would be the outcome of alternate segregation, adjacent -1 segregation and adjacent-2 segregation? 5. Two phenotypically unaffected parents produce two children with familial Down syndrome. Regarding chromosome 14 and 21, what are the chromosomal composition of the parents? 6. Explain how aneuploidy, deletions and duplications cause genetic imbalances. 7. Why do you think that deletions and monosomies are more detrimental than duplications and trisomies? 8. Describe some of the advantages of polyploid plants. 9.…An inversion heterozygote has the following inverted chromosome: Centromere ca a a A B CD JI HGF E, KL M Inverted region If a crossover occurred between genes H and I on one inverted and one normal chromosome, what would be the sequence of the dicentric chromosome before completion of metaphase I? A Cen B C D EFGHIJKL Cen M A Cen B C D JIHGFEKLM Cen JIH G F E Cen A Cen B C D JIHGFEDC B Cen A MLKEFGHIJKLM00 PR 3. Which of the following is characteristic of reciprocal translocation? O a. Parts of two homologous chromosomes are exchanged O b. None are characteristic of reciprocal translocation. O c. All are characteristics of reciprocal translocation O d. The carrier of a reciprocal translocation always produces offspring with normal chromosomes O e. The individual with the translocation always exhibits the abnormality. MacBook Air 888 F4 DD 00 F5 F2 F3 * 4 6. 7. D. B. N
- 1. In maize, the following genes are linked on chromosome 3: va - variable sterile v - virescent gl - glossy leaves Two homozygous plants were crossed and produced an all normal F1. When the F1 was test-crossed, progeny phenotypes appeared as follows: 235 virescent 7.glossy 60 wild 40 variable sterile 270 variable sterile, glossy 62 variable sterile, virescent, glossy Diagram the chromosome map for the 3 loci Example: a--1.00 cM--b--2.00 CM--c--3.00 CM Significant # of decimal places for answer: 2 Answer: 48 virescent, glossy 4 variable sterile, virescent 2. Two hypothetical autosomal human genes are 10 cM apart. These dominant alleles are completely penetrant and respectively cause crossed eyes (e+) and small thumbs (th+). A cross-eyed, small thumbed woman marries a normal man and they have 4 children. Two of the children are cross-eyed and two of the children have small thumbs. The woman is pregnant with a 5th What is the probability that this child will be cross-eyed and have small…A number of genes carried on the same chromosome are tested and show the following crossover frequencies. What is their sequence in the map of the chromosome? Genes Crossover Frequencies between Them C and A 7% B and D 3% B and A 4% C and D 6% C and B 3%In cats, the genotype AA produces tabby fur color; Aa is also a tabby, and aa is black. Another gene at a different locus is epistatic to the gene for fur color. When present in its dominant W form (WW or Ww), this gene blocks the formation of fur color and all the offspring are white; ww individuals develop normal fur color. What fur colors, and in what proportions, would you expect from the cross AaWw Aa Ww?
- . An allotetraploid species has a genome composed oftwo ancestral genomes, A and B, each of which havea basic chromosome number (x) of seven. In thisspecies, the two copies of each chromosome of eachancestral genome pair only with each other duringmeiosis. Resistance to a pathogen that attacks the foliage of the plant is controlled by a dominant allele atthe F locus. The recessive alleles Faand Fbconfersensitivity to the pathogen, but the dominant resistancealleles present in the two genomes have slightly different effects. Plants with at least one FAallele areresistant to races 1 and 2 of the pathogen regardlessof the genotype in the B genome, and plants with atleast one FBallele are resistant to races 1 and 3 of thepathogen regardless of the genotype in the A genome.What proportion of the self-progeny of an FA Fa FB Fbplant will be resistant to all three races of the pathogen?1. Construct a map of a chromosome containing 4 genes. Some of the distances between these genes are listed below. The distance between genes R and C is 10 units The distance between genes C and P is 13 units The distance between genes P and R is 3 units The distance between genes S and C is 18 units The distance between genes S and R is 8 units SPRC D. What two genes would likely have the most recombination events between them? S and C P and R E. What two genes would likely have the fewest recombination events between them? F. How many units are between S and P?1. The dpy-5 gene is on Chromosome I, rol-6 on Chr II, and him-5 on Chr V. We know that the mutation for him-5 is recessive. You need to find out whether dpy-5 and rol-6 is recessive or dominant. The him-5 males carry no mutation for dpy-5 or rol-6; in other words, they have the wildtype genotype for the dpy-5 and rol-6 loci. a. In your dpy-5* him-5 cross, if dpy-5 is dominant, what do you expect to see in your F1 progeny? If dpy-5 is recessive, what do you expect? b. In your rol-6 * him-5 cross, if rol-6 is dominant, what do you expect to see in your F1 progeny? if rol-6 is recessive, what do you expect?
- 1. In corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of corn plants (i.e. the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male- fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male-sterile lines. Using the following color-coded circles, simulate the crosses indicated below. Put the illustrations of crosses in the spaces provided. Be sure to include in the labels the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in each cross. Big light green circle cytoplasm Big orange circle cytoplasm Small orange circle Small half-light green-half-orange circle - Ff nucleus Small light-green circle - male-sterile - male-fertile - FF nucleus - ff nucleus a. Male-sterile female x FF male (the term male-sterile is an adjective that describes the female) b. Male-sterile female x Ff male (the term male-sterile is an adjective…1. The allele G for yellow stigma is completely dominant to green (g). Supposingtwo strains of autotetraploid plants are available and their genotypes are as follows:GGgg – in this plant the gene is close to the centromereGggg – in this plant the gene is far from the centromere If these two plants are crossed:a) provide the gametes that can be obtained from the two plants;b) provide the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring. 2. Consider the illustration below. Diagram the configuration you would observe at Anaphase I if crossing-over happens within the inversion. (IMAGE ATTACHED)A contig map for a chromosome in Drosophila is shown below. The chromosome has 10 segments, numbered 1- 10. Drosophila Chromosome 1 2 4 7 9 10 A Genomic Clones C D E If an EST hybridizes with genomic clones C, D and E, but not with the other clones, in which segment of the chromosome is the EST found? Enter a number. If a clone of gene GLO hybridizes only with genomic clones F and G, in which chromosome segment is gene GLO located? Enter a number. If a restriction fragment hybridizes with only one of the genomic clones, in which chromosome segment(s) could the fragment be found? Enter numbers for each segment ordered from smallest to largest separated by commas and no spaces. (Le. 4.8,10)