Brunner's glands secrete an alkaline product that helps achieve optimal pH for the activity of pancreatic enzymes. Where are these glands located? A. At the base of villi throughout the small intestine B. In the epithelium of the ampulla of Vater C. In the mucosa and submucosa of the jejunum D. In the submucosa of the duodenum E. In the submucosa of the ileum
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- A histological specimen of submandibular salivary gland represents basket * cells from which some processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. Contraction of the processes of these cells helps in expelling secretions from the lumen of secretory units and moving them to the system of excretory ducts. Name these cells: Serous cells O Mucocytes Epithelial cells O Adipocytes O Myoepithelial CellsAll the structures of the alimentary canal have 4 similar major histological tissues . Which of the following descriptions of the tissue layers contains innacurate information? A) The mucosa layer consits of a simple epithelium (responsible for absoprtion), a lamina proprioa (supports the epithelium) and muscularis mucosae (thats ivolved with peristalsis. B) The muscularis externa has 2 or 3 layers of smooth msulce and is involced with persistalsis C) The submucosa layer is a connective tissue layer that anchors the mucosa layer and contains many blood vessels, lyphatic vessels, and nerves D) The serosa layer is a connective tissue layer that tethers the alimnetary canal to the appropirate body cavitities. I believe that D is false but I am not certainOn the histologic section of the glands stomach's fundus, relatively large electron-microscopically cells with acidophilic cytoplasm can be seen, and in these cells there is a complicated system of intracellular tubules. What component of gastric juice is formed due to the activity of these cells? Serotonin Mucus Gastrin O Hydrochloric acid Opepsinogen
- Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with itsfunction?a. surface mucous cells—produce mucusb. parietal cells—produce hydrochloric acidc. chief cells—produce intrinsic factord. endocrine cells—produce regulatory hormonesWhile there are numerous structural similarities among the major histological tissues of alimentary canal organs, there are also unique characteristics in specific organs. Which of the following descriptions of the tissue layers contains inaccurate information? O A. The muscularis externa layer in the stomach is unique because it contains 3 layers of smooth muscle instead of just 2. O B. The submucosa in the esophagus is unique because it has esophageal glands that secrete a lot of mucus. OC The mucosa layer in the stomach is unique because it contains complex gastric pits with chief cells (that produce enzymes), parietal cells (that secrete acid), and enteroendocrine cells (that secrete digestive hormones). O D. All the other choices have no inaccurate information. O E. The mucosa layer in the small intestine is unique because it is responsible for the majority of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption. It has a brush border, and multiple structures to increase surface area…Mr. Johnson has a gallstone (a stone) that completely obstructs the normal flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. Explain how the digestion of carbohydrates (polysaccharides and disaccharides), lipids (triglycerides), proteins, and nucleic acids would be affected throughout the digestive tract, starting in the mouth and ending in the microvilli of the cells in the small intestine. Make one paragraph per molecule.
- To increase the absorptive efficiency of the small intestine, the surface area of the mucosa is increased by the presence of folds in the wall called ___, and projections of the cell membrane called ___. Group of answer choices rugae : lacteals villi : microvilli microvilli : lacteals lacteals : rugaeBlockage of the pancreatic duct prevents pancreatic enzymes from being delivered to the small intestine. What effect would youexpect this to have on cholecystokinin and secretin levels in the blood?Which of the following enzymes does notdigest any nutrients?a. chymotrypsinb. lingual lipasec. carboxypeptidased. enteropeptidasee. dextrinase
- What is the line A pointing to? Submucosa b. MALT. c. Mucosa. d. Lumen. e. Muscularis.When the duodenu is actively digesting food, the Sphincter of Oddi released both bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum Between meals, when the Sphincter of Oddi is closed, an accessory pancreatic duct remains open, allowing a slow but continual flow of pancreatic juice into the duodenum between meals WHy must there be pancreatic juice in the duodenum even if no food is currently being digested? A- Even if there isnt chyme in the duodenum, stomahc acid might leak into the duodenum. the trypsin in pancreatic juice neutralizes that B- We eat a lot, so we're always digesting food in the duodenum C - the process of fat breakdown is slow, so lipids could stay in the duodenum for over a day, so we need a steady supply of pancreatic lipase. D- Even if there isn't chyme in the duodenum, stomach acid might leak into the duodenum. The bicarbonate in pancreatic juice neutralizes thatWhich of the following is necessary in order to have the start of chemical digestion of proteins by pepsin in the stomach? O Secretions from mucus neck cells O Two of the listed options O Secretions from chief cells O All of the listed options O Secretions from parietal cells