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Compare and contrast CD4 and CD8 T cells. Include in your response references to structure, activation, and effector function.
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- Compare and contrast the five classes of CD4T helper cells. Include in your response references to activation and effector function.The diagram shows a pathogen (in red) that is present in different cellular compartments of each of the cell types shown. In each case, a specific T cell subset will recognize peptides of that pathogen presented on MHC molecules on the surface of the cell, and will execute its effector function. From the list below, match the appropriate T cell effector response to the cell type and location of the pathogen. CD4 T cell killing of target cell CD8 T cell killing of target cell CD4 T cell activation of target cell’s antibody production CD8 T cell activation of target cell’s antibody production CD4 T cell activation of target cell’s ability to kill intracellular pathogen CD8 T cell activation of target cell’s ability to kill intracellular pathogenWhat occurs in an antibody-mediated response? Select all that apply. Cytokines induce the activated cytotoxic T cell to divide repeatedly and become many effector cells and memory cells bearing the same antigen as the original cytotoxic T cell. Cytokines induce the B cell to undergo repeated mitosis and differentiate into many effector B cells and memory B cells. Effector B cells begin making and secreting huge numbers of antibodies that recognize the same antigen as the original B cell. Effector helper T cell receptors bind to corresponding antigens on a B cell and produce cytokines.
- All of the following statements concerning regulatory T cells (Treg) are correct, EXCEPT: The regulatory cytokines produced by regulatory T cells are IL-12 and TGF-B O Thymocytes that recognize self-antigen in the thymus with a certain affinity become natural (central) regulatory T cells O In the periphery T cells that recognize self-antigen in the presence of TGF-B become induced regulatory T cells O A Treg cell can suppress self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize peptides different from that recognized itself provided that the peptides are derived from the same tissue O A Treg cell can suppress self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize peptides different from that recognized by itself provided that the peptides are presented by the same antigen-presenting cell (APC)A mouse is infected with staphylococcal bacteria through a laceration in the skin of its paw. Dendritic cells are isolated from the tissue at the site of infection, and are incubated together with naïve staphylococcal-specific CD4 T cells. Seventy-two hours later, the proliferation of the CD4 T cells is measured as a readout for T cell activation. Surprisingly, the T cell response is quite poor compared to the response observed when the same T cells are mixed with a comparable number of dendritic cells isolated from the draining lymph node of the infected mouse. A comparison of the dendritic cells isolated from the two different sites would reveal: Much higher levels of MHC and B7 molecules on the lymph node dendritic cells than those from the infected tissue Much higher expression of all TLRs in the lymph node dendritic cells than those from the infected tissue An increased number of MHC class II molecules bearing bacterial peptides on the surface of dendritic cells from the infected…Describes the relationship of the following terms using short terms: Adhesion Molecule(s)Anergic T cellAntigen PresentationAntigen Processing
- What occurs in a cell-mediated immune response? Select all that apply. Naive B cells bind to antigen on the surface of a bacterium and become activated. A dendritic cell incorporates digested viral antigen-MHC complexes. Naive cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen on antigen-presenting dendritic cells and become activated. Effector cytotoxic T cells circulate through the body and kill any body cells that display the viral antigen-MHC complexes.Diagram the sequence of events in an antibody-mediated response, including the role of helper T cells, interleukin 1, and interleukin 2.Describe the main functions of T cells. What are the main types of effector T cells and their functions? one page
- If you were missing the gene sequence that codes for CD3, what consequence would this have on T cells? How would it effect maturation, activation, and differentiation?It is often helpful to draw a complicated pathway in the form of a flow chart to visualize the multiple steps and the ways in which the steps are connected to each other. Draw the antibody-mediated immune response pathway that acts in response to an invading virus.Figure 42.11 Which of the following statements about T cells is false? Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.