Complete the statement to make it true. Cold blooded animals modulate the fatty acid composition of their membranes as a function of temperature in order to .... adjust the membrane thickness and increase thermal insulation. maximize available fatty acids for metabolic use. ensure consistent membrane fluidity. compensate for decreasing cholesterol solubility.
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- Which of the following statements best describes the absorption of glucose? Absorption of glucose requires digestion by aminopeptidases on absorptive epithelial microvilli before absorption of the carbohydrate smaller units such as glucose. Absorption of glucose requires an electrochemical gradient of high extracellular K+ set up by primary active transport. Absorption of glucose occurs at villi and crypts mainly in the duodenum where amylases break down carbohydrates into glucose. Absorption of glucose occurs at the transporting epithelia in the small intestine and is a secondary active transport that requires a Na+gradientWhich of the following fatty acids, if incorporated into a typical eukaryotic membrane phospholipid, would be the most likely to increase that membrane's fluidity? arachidonic acid with 20 carbons and two carbon-to-carbon double bonds stearic acid, with 18 carbons and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds None of the above arachidonic acid with 20 carbons and three carbon-to-carbon double bondsYou are studying the effects of temperature and lipid composition on membrane fluidity using artificial membranes containing only one or a few kinds of lipids and no proteins. Assume that you and your lab partner have made the following artificial membranes: Membrane 1: Made entirely of phosphatidylethanolamine. Each of the two chains of the fatty acids is 18 carbon in length and both are completely saturated. Membrane 2: Made entirely of phosphatidylethanolamine with 14-carbon fatty acid chains. only one fatty acid tail contains a double bond, the other one is completely saturated. Membrane 3: Made entirely of phosphatidylethanolamine with 14-carbon fatty acid chains. Both fatty acid tails have a single double bond. Predict the transition temperature of the above-mentioned membranes.
- Which of the following fatty acids, if incorporated into a typical eukaryotic membrane phospholipid, would be the most likely to decrease that membrane’s fluidity? linolenic acid, with 18 carbons and three carbon-to-carbon double bonds linoleic acid, with 18 carbons and two carbon-to-carbon double bonds stearic acid, with 18 carbons and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds oleic acid, with 18 carbons and one carbon-to-carbon double bond all of the above molecules are saturated, and equally likely to decrease membrane fluidityAnswer the following: This type of lipid is a complex mixture of esters of long-chain carboxylic acids and long-chain alcohols. The reduced cofactor important in the TCA cycle and used in the last part of respiration. Molecule that attaches to myosin and actin during muscle contraction.Which of the following fatty acids, if incorporated into a typical eukaryotic membrane phospholipid, would be the most likely to increase that membrane’s fluidity? linolenic acid, with 18 carbons and three carbon-to-carbon double bonds linoleic acid, with 18 carbons and two carbon-to-carbon double bonds oleic acid, with 18 carbons and one carbon-to-carbon double bond stearic acid, with 18 carbons and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds all of the above molecules are unsaturated, and equally likely to increase membrane fluidity
- o. Complete the following description of the role of sterols in a membrane. At high temperatures, sterols in a membrane help to_ the movement of the lipids. At low temperatures, the sterols occupy between the and prevent the fatty acids In these ways, sterols the fluidity of a membrane at high temperatures and the fluidity of a membrane at low temperatures. from associating and forming aWhich of the following is false about the lipid rafts on the plasma membranes? O The lipid rafts may have prenylated and acetylated lipid anchored proteins O They have a high affinity for Phosphoinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) The lipid rafts are often rich in lipids that contain long saturated fatty acid tails O The lipid rafts have an affinity for the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) proteins and allow them move in and out of the rafts in a seamless fashion O The lipid rafts are often rich in glucocerebroside, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. Please describe the transportation of glucose after a meal when glucose is plentifuloutside cells? How is the transport protein that would transport glucose called? Whatwould be the direction of transportation? Would it be active or passive transport? Whatwould be driving force for the glucose transport: chemical gradient or electrochemicalgradient?
- (b) How is ATP converted to ADP by glucose? Explain. Why is of phosphoric acid by glucose? there no intakeIdentify the following terms This type of lipid is a complex mixture of esters of long-chain carboxylic acids and long-chain alcohols. The reduced cofactor important in the TCA cycle and used in the last part of respiration. Molecule that attaches to myosin and actin during muscle contraction.Carnitine shuttle is used to Transport FA chains from the adipose tissue to the liver. Transport FA chains from the blood-stream to the cytosol. Transport FA chains from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix. Transport FA chains from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol.