Different Hfr strains have the F factor DNA integrated into their chromosome at different locations due to Different Hfr strains have the F factor DNA integrated into their chromosome at different locations due to homologous recombination between the F factor's origin of replication and the bacterial chromosome's origin of replication. homologous recombination between an IS element within the F factor and an IS element that may be located at different chromosomal locations in different E. coli strains. random breaks that occur within the bacterial chromosome. recombination between homologous chromosomal regions of donor and recipient cells during conjugation.

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Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.