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- Mutations in the EGF receptor can cause nonstop activation True or falseA scientist observes a mutation in the transmembrane region of EGFR that eliminates its ability to be stabilized by binding interactions during dimerization after ligand binding. Which hypothesis regarding the effect of this mutation on EGF signaling is most likely to be correct? EGF signaling cascades would be active for longer in the cell. EGF signaling cascades would be active for a shorter period of time in the cell. EGF signaling cascades would not occur. EGF signaling would be unaffected.alpha 1 adrenergic receptor causes vasoconstriction through activation of Gq protein explain the mechanism of action for this receptorb starting from the ligand binding step untill final effectoe is activated
- describe the outcome of EGFR inhibition as well as the differences between erlotinib and panitumumab’s mechanisms of action. EGFR- driven cancer cells can become resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Explain the two types of EGFR blockade acquired resistance and propose a subsequent treatment option.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of general chemotherapy like Etoposide compared to specific inhibition of EGFR.explain Mechanism of Myostatin Function & The PI3-K–Akt1 pathway
- The number of calories used during physical exercise is greater than the number of calories used for the movements themselves. This may be caused in part by exercise-induced expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in subcutaneous fat. Subcutaneous fat is mostly white fat cells but can also contain brown fat cells in mice and humans. As part of a thermogenesis program, UCP1 directly reduces the proton gradient driving oxidative phosphorylation. UCP1 expression is a characteristic of brown fat cells only and is induced by the protein irisin. The data in Table 1 address the relationship between exercise and: • expression of UCP1 in subcutaneous fat cells, • expression of FNDC5 (a transmembrane protein in skeletal muscle plasma membranes), • blood levels of irisin (a soluble protein formed by cleaving the extracellular domain of FNDC5), and • expression of adiponectin (a hormone produced by white fat cells) in both wild-type mice and mice with overexpression skeletal muscle PGC-1a (a…Estrogen receptor antagonists inhibit tumors by: 1) blocking estrogen binding to receptors 2) binding cell-surface receptors 3) stimulating intracellular receptors 4) binding HER2 receptors and keeping agonists from bindingTNF-alpha treatment of prostate carcinoma, LNCAP cells decreases cell survival as shown in the graph below. Which of the following would you observe in these cells treated with TNF- alpha? Select all that apply TNF-a 120 100 80 - 60 40 20 0. 24 72 (hrs) Control + TNF-a 100 ng TNFA 10 ng O Activation of extrinsic pathway of apoptosis O Activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis Activation of executioner caspases Recruitment of adapter protein FADD to the TNF-alpha receptor LNCAP cell viability (% of control)
- The signaling pathway by which inactive J3 larvae become active and mature involves cGMP, PDE, ACh, AChE, IGF, TGFβ and DA. What should be a primary concern in developing drugs to inhibit this pathway?TNF-alpha treatment of prostate carcinoma, LNCAP cells decreases cell survival as shown in the graph below. Which of the following would you observe in these cells treated with TNF- alpha? Select all that apply TNF-a 120 100 80 - 60- 40- 20 - 24 72 (hrs) + Control - TNF-a 10ng + TNF-a 100 ng O Activation of extrinsic pathway of apoptosis O Activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis Activation of executioner caspases Recruitment of adapter protein FADD to the TNF-alpha receptor LNCAP cell viability (% of control)Venurafenib Select one: a. Was developed as a treatment of Gleevec-resistant CML patients b. Inhibits MEK in some melanoma patients c. Melanoma patients with a V600E mutation became resistant to this treatment o d. Inhibits RAS
