How many ADP molecules are phosphorylated as electrons of cytosolic NADH enter the mitochondria via malate-aspartate shuttle? 32 O 33 O 2.5 30 02
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- Hi there Discuss in detail how the chemical energy contained within pyruvate is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mitochondria. Give many examples. im stuck on writing 400 words for thisSome cofactors that participate in the reactions of the citric acid cycle are indicated by letters. Identify the position of positions of NADH in the cycle by selecting the appropriate letter or letters designating its position(s) in the cycle diagram. COA CH, HO--Co, CH čo, 8 CO но-сн CH HC -Co, CO HO-CH LA Citric acid cycle H,0 co, -B COA | 4 Co, čo D.Handwritten Identify the molecule names, enzyme name, enzyme classification and change in reaction(for glycolysis pathway)
- Acetyi CoA Oxaloncetate CoA NADH Citrate NAD Isocitrate Malate Funiarate NAD co NADH FADH, FAD a- Ketoghutarate Succinate co, NAD+ ATP Succinyl CuA NADH ADP - P For each molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle? (see the figure above) а. 2 b. 4 с. 6 d. 0 е. 3There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. acetyl-coenzyme A 0 CH₂-C-CoA HO-CH Reaction 7 O malate CH₂ CH || CH fumarate FADH₂ Reaction 6 FAD H+ + NADH NAD+ 1,0 H₂C CH₂ CH₂ Reaction 8 succinate ADP 0=C GTP CH₂ oxaloacetate Reaction 5 H-COA GDP ATP H₂O Reaction 1 C Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle CH₂ CH₂ H-COA 0=C 1 CoA succinyl-CoA H+ HO-C Reaction CO₂ с CH₂ NADH CH₂ citrate Reaction 2 H-COA Reaction 3 CO₂ I CH₂ T CH₂ 0=C NAD+ HO–CH a-ketoglutarate CH, CH isocitrate NAD+ H+ + NADH In chapters 9 and 10, you were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a…The glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyses the following reaction: H +H₂N- -C -COO CH₂ CH₂ COO™ acide glutamique + NAD + H₂O GDH Time (min) A340 COO™ c=o CH₂ 5 1 2 3 4 1.760 1.718 1.675 1.635 1.595 CH₂ COO + NH4+ NADH + H+ acide a-cétoglutarique The activity of GDH is monitored in the sense of the formation of glutamate using the following conditions: 0.2 mL of 5 M ammonium sulphate 2.4 mL of buffer at pH 8 0.1 mL of NADH at 6.15 mg.mL-¹ (M = 709 g.mol-¹) 0.2 mL of 1 M a-ketoglutarate solution Warm mixture at 25 °C for 5 min Add 0.1 mL of GDH solution containing 1.6 mg.mL-¹protein to start the reaction. The change in absorbance at 340 nm is monitored, in a 1-cm cuvette, every minute for 10 min. Results are given in the table below: Data ENADH at 340 nm = 6220 M¹.cm7 6 7 8 9 10 1.550 1.510 1.489 1.476 1.451 Calculate ammonium sulphate, NADH, concentrations in the reaction medium at t = 0. proteins - Draw the graph A = f(t). Calculate A340 at t = 0 and place this point on the curve. -…
- Below is an image of the Krebs cycle: acetyl-CoA oxaloacetate COASH H20 NADH NAD* H20 malate citrate fumarate isocitrate FADH2 NAD* CO2 FAD АТР NADH + ADP succinate GTP NAD+ a-ketoglutarate H20 GDP NADH + CO2 COASH succinyl CoA COASH Consider the conversion of succinate to fumarate, which is coupled with the production the electron carrier FADH2. If this reaction was NOT coupled with the production of FADH2 (and only catalyzed the conversion of succinate to fumarate), how would this impact ATP production through cell respiration? OATP production would stop because no high energy electron carriers would be produced ATP production would still occur, but there would be a much lower ATP yield because a large number of electron carriers are no longer being made ATP production would stop because without FADH2 we will no longer have electrons moving through the electron transport chain ATP production would still occur, but there would be a slightly lower ATP yield because a small number of…All the reactions involved during gluconeogenesis occur in the cytosol except the one catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. O True O FalseThe glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyses the following reaction: *H3N- C H - CH₂ - CH₂ COO™ acide glutamique -COO + NAD+ + H₂O Time (min) A340 GDH COO™ с 5 1 2 3 4 1.760 1.718 1.675 1.635 1.595 CH₂ The answer: -1 - Vo 1.1.107 M.s-¹ - EA in 0.1 mL of GDH = 0.33 nkat CH₂ The activity of GDH is monitored in the sense of the formation of glutamate using the following conditions: 0.2 mL of 5 M ammonium sulphate 2.4 mL of buffer at pH 8 0.1 mL of NADH at 6.15 mg.mL-¹ (M = 709 g.mol-¹) 0.2 mL of 1 M a-ketoglutarate solution Warm mixture at 25 °C for 5 min Add 0.1 mL of GDH solution containing 1.6 mg.mL protein to start the reaction. COO CO acide a-cétoglutarique The change in absorbance at 340 nm is monitored, in a 1-cm cuvette, every minute for 10 min. Results are given in the table below: Data ENADH at 340 nm = 6220 M¹.cm¹ -1 + NH4+ NADH + H+ 6 1.550 7 8 10 9 1.510 1.489 1.476 1.451 Calculate the initial rate Vo of the reaction in M.s¹. - Calculate the enzyme activity of the volume of…
- The standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is -7.3kcal/mol. The free energy change under typical cellular conditions is about -12kcal/mol. Why is there a difference? O The hydrolysis of ATP must be more difficult in the cellular environment O There is more ATP and less ADP in the cell O The cellular environment is anaerobic so O2 levels are reduced O The enzymes involved in the reaction are trapped in organellesAcetyi CoA Oxaloncetate CoA NADH NAD: Citrate Isccitrate Malate NAD co NADH Funaate »FADH; FAD a- Ketoglutarate Succinate NAD ATP Succinyt CuA NADH ADP - P, If you were told to add one of the eight citric acid cycle intermediates to the culture medium fo yeast growing in the laboratory, what do you think would happen to the rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production? (see the above figure) a. There would be no change in ATP production, but the rate of CO2 production would increase. b. The rates of ATP production and CO2 production would both increase, c. The rate of ATP production would increase, but the rate of CO2 production would decrease. d. The rates fo ATP and CO2 production would both decrease.The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)