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Genetics Question 9
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- Question 20 When present, the TATA, CAAT and GC boxes are typically found within 100 - 150 bp upstream from the transcription start site. Due to their closeness to the start of gene, they are often called, A response elements B distal terminator elements c regulatory elements D core promoter elementsQUESTION 13 Transcriptional enhancers are: O A. operator sequences that repress transcription by blocking RNA polymerase initiation. O B. binding sites for general transcription factors. OC. binding sites for catabolite activating protein (CAP). O D. promoter-proximal regulatory sequences that recruit TATA-binding protein (TBP). O E. regulatory sequences that activate transcription from distant cis-linked promoters.Question 26 transcription activator bound at the activator binding site O Gene is switched ON O Gene is switched OFF O Does NOT affect the gene expression
- Question 23 All may be RNA polymerase Il promoter constituents EXCEPT: A the core element where general transcription factors (GTFS) bind. B) where silencers bind repressors. response elements or GC box D a TATA box upstream the transcription start site.Question 26 The initial event in the conversion of an hnRNA to the mature RNA which leaves the nucleus is: A transesterification reactions in lariat formation. B splicing together of the exons. © addition of a poly(A) tail to the 3'-end of the transcript by poly(A) polymerase. D) capping the 5'-end of the transcript with a guanylyl groupQUESTION 10 The steady state level of a MRNA for a gene is affected by the following mechanism(s) O Rate of RNA synthesis O The levels of nonsense suppressing TRNAS Rates of RNA synthesis and degradation Rate of RNA degradation O Frequency of AUG codons
- Question 22 Post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotic RNAS A. addition of CCA at the 5'end of the tRNA for binding with amino acids B. removal of introns and possibility of alternative splicing in joining different exons C. addition of guanyly residue from GTP to nascent mRNA at the 5' end D. Ten (10) Adenine nucleotides are added to the 3'end of the nascent mRNA E. some bases are modified in RNA and FRNA (А) А, В, С, D only (в) в, С, Е only (с) А, В, С, Е only (D) A, B, С, D, EQuestion 20 The "single promoter" hypothesis for transcription of minus-sense ssRNA viruses was best supported by: The effect of alpha-amanatin on transcription of the genome, The ability to replicate in human and insect cells. O The presence of small, sub-genomic antisense RNAS. O The UV-target sensitivity of transcripts is greater than their coding size the further from the 3-end you goHelp me
- QUESTION 56 PDGF 100- PI3K PI3K 50 GAPO 771 O GAP protein P-site 3 4 7. PTP O 1009 O PTP PI3K 740, 751 + GAP 771 1021 PTP 1009 PLC PLC PLC-y 1021 When activated by ligand binding, the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) receptor becomes phosphorylated on 5 tyrosine residues (left figure). These phosphorylated tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins that contain SH2 domains (SH2 domains bind phosphorylated Y). These proteins include phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma), a phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), a Ras GTPase-Activating Protein (GAP), and a phosphotidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). PDGF stimulates several changes in the target cell, one of which is DNA synthesis. To determine which effectors of the PDGF receptor is/are responsible for stimulating DNA synthesis, you construct several mutant forms of the receptor that retain individual or combinations of the phosphorylation sites. You express these in cells and monitor DNA synthesis. The results are shown in the right figure.…Question 7 The extent to which a given gene is transcribed depends upon (A the single transcription factor bound to the transcription start site (B the combination of translational factors bound to its upstream regulatory elements the particular combination of transcription factors bound to its upstream regulatory elements D the particular combination of transcription factors bound to its downstream regulatory elementsQuestion 10 In eukaryotes, the regulatory inputs have been amplified compared to prokaryotes, and a typical gene is controlled by dozens of transcription regulators. These help assemble histone- modifying enzymes, RNA polymerase, and general transcription factors via the multiprotein mediator complex membranes O mitochondria O chromatin-remodeling complexes O chloroplasts amino acids