The leukocyte pictured above stains intensely with acidic dyes such as eosin. Which of the following substances is contained in the crystalline core of the granule at the arrow? A. Lactoferrin B. Major basic protein C. Myeloperoxidase D. Histamine E. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
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- A patient has a low red blood cell count, and microscopic examination of his blood reveals an abnormally high proportion of circulating reticulocytes. Upon subsequent examination, the patient is diagnosed with a bleeding ulcer. This is surgically corrected, and in due course his blood measurements return to normal. What was the reason for the low red blood cell count and high proportion of reticulocyte?List the agranular and granular leucocyte cells found in blood, include a defining feature and one function.Describe the changes in clotting and bleeding balance during disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Describe the most important blood coagulation tests used to monitor the patients receiving heparin and warfarin. Distinguish between immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. What drugs are used to treat immediate hypersensitivity and how do these drug work? Why don’t these compounds work in treating delayed hypersensitivity?
- Atherosclerosis is a disease of the vascular endothelium. The principal players in the atherogenic processare lipid materials and even cells of the immune system.a. What lipids from the diet participate in the atherogenic process and how did each of themcontribute to the “lipid theory” of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis?b. What immune system cells participate and how do they mediate in the atherogenic processIn general, what single feature do granulocytes and agranulocytes share in common? cells of both groups retain the ability to divide all derive from the same myeloid precursor cell all contain primary granules all contain secondary granules all contain tertiary granulesThe capillary tubes that are used to draw blood for the measurement of hematocrit are treated with heparin. Why?
- Describe the process by which blood immunoglobulins help protect the body from invading bacteria and viruses. Describe the general overall structure of plasma lipoprotein. In what chemical form does cholesterol usually exist in the bloodstream? What is immunoglobulin? What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?In hereditary hemolytic anemia, massive destruction of red blood cellsoccurs. Would you expect the reticulocyte count to be above or belownormal? Explain why one of the symptoms of the disease is jaundice. In 1910, physicians discovered that hereditary hemolytic anemiacan be treated successfully by removing the spleen. Explain why thistreatment is effective.Liver disease often results in ascites (increasing abdominal fluid) and other forms of systemic edema. This is due to the decrease in synthesis by the liver of which of the following? (A) fibrinogen and other clotting proteins (B) transferrin and other transport proteins (C) cholesterol and its transport proteins (D) albumin
- Blood Cells Explain the identification of neutrophil, basophil, lymphocytes, and platelets. Describe the relative abundance of each kind of blood cell, as well as their function in the body. Where is each kind of cell produced? Do all stay within the confines of the blood vessels, or can some migrate throughout the body? Do all have nuclei? How long do they Iive? Where are old blood cells destroyed?Describe the structure and function of each of the following cell types 1. Basophils 2. Neutrophils 3. Macrophages 4. Dendritic cells 5. Eosinophils Which cells are phagocytic?During inflammation, basophils release an anticoagulant called __________ and a vasodilator called __________.