Q: Define the term Deoxyhemoglobin?
A: Oxygen is transported throughout the body in combined state with haemoglobin. It is a protein which…
Q: Which of the following statements is false concerning the structure of hemoglobin?
A:
Q: What are the conditions under which hemoglobin precipitates out of solution, and how are normal and…
A: Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder and it affects both male and female offspring…
Q: What is the biological advantage to the sigmoidal binding curve of hemoglobin for oxygen? A. It…
A: The binding of oxygen to the haemoglobin increases with increase in oxygen partial pressure, Maximum…
Q: How does the fetal hemoglobin differ from the maternal hemoglobin in regards to structure and…
A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…
Q: What is the molecular basis of the ABO and Rh blood groups?
A: The main blood components are platelets that allow clotting, plasma that consists of salts and…
Q: What is the molecularcomposition of hemoglobin?
A: Hemoglobin is a red pigment, iron containing metalloprotein found in almost all vertebrates. Its…
Q: The O2-binding curves for normal haemoglobin (Hb A) and a mutant haemoglobin (Hb Kempsey) are shown…
A: Oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin is sigmoidal in shape. In hemoglobin, binding of one…
Q: What are the 4 subunits of hemoglobin?
A: Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrying metalloprotein, present in RBC. The heme groups of hemoglobin bind…
Q: What is the approximate ratio of red blood cells to white blood cells in human blood?
A: Blood is the fluid connective tissue derived from the mesoderm. It is slightly alkaline with a pH of…
Q: What is the difference in the quaternary structure between fetal hemoglobin and adult hemoglobin?…
A: Proteins are the ultimate products of the genes. DNA is transcribed into m RNA and this is…
Q: Explain the interactions of hemoglobin with 2,3 ВPG.
A: 2, 3 BPG is an intermediate of glycolysis . It is synthesized with the help of 2, 3 BPG shunt or…
Q: Given the purpose of hemoglobin, what could one envision as a downside to having all our hemoglobin…
A: Hemoglobin is the protein molecule present in the red blood cells, which binds the oxygen molecule…
Q: How is hemoglobin recycled?
A: Hemoglobin is a protein present in the red blood cells that contain the globin and heme group. Heme…
Q: Describe the structure and function of hemoglobinand relate which gases associate with hemoglobinand…
A: Hemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that is present in the red blood cells. It imparts red color…
Q: a.What is the difference between the 5th and 6 coordination sites in the heme group?
A: The position where oxygen binds with myoglobin as well as hemoglobin is heme . Fe(II) atom is…
Q: What is the Bohr effect? What role does BPG play in hemoglobin function?
A: Introduction- Bohr effects can be defined as the alteration in the dissociation curve of oxygen that…
Q: Where is beta globin gene?
A: Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries genetic information. Genes possess…
Q: Why people with PK deficiency may tolerate a lower hemoglobin level than people with other types of…
A: Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is the most prevalent congenital glycolysis enzymatic abnormality…
Q: . With regard to how mountain climbers adapt to the low oxygen pressure of higher altitudes, explain…
A: The mountain climber needs more oxygen because of high altitude, level of oxygen decreases.
Q: What other diseases are associated with estraneous forms of hemoglobin subunits in the human adult?
A: Hemoglobin is an oligomeric conjugated protein with four peptide chains joined by a…
Q: What are the two main components of hemoglobin and What are the three functions of hemoglobin?…
A: Hemoglobin is a metalloprotein, present in red blood cells (RBC). Due to the presence of hemoglobin,…
Q: What is Glycated Hemoglobin? What is the normal level of Glycated Hemoglobin?
A: Hemoglobin: It is the protein in Red blood cells which transfers Oxygen to cells and transfer CO2…
Q: For heparin-coated membrane oxygenator, what is the function of heparin in the design?
A: Oxygenator is a mechanical device, which helps in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the the…
Q: 22. Please provide a biological explanation for why fetal hemoglobin has evolved to have lower…
A: Fetal hemoglobin has greater affinity for 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate because of the high affinity of…
Q: What is hemoglobin F?Why does the fetus need adifferent hemoglobin?
A: Hemoglobin is a protein responsible for carrying oxygen. This protein is found in the red blood…
Q: What is the gene code for hemoglobin?
A: Blood is a liquid connective tissue that transports oxygen ad essential nutrients throughout the…
Q: How does heterozgosity Factor V Leiden mutation affect the coagulation cascade?
A: Factor V Leiden thrombophilia is characterised by poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C…
Q: What qualitative effect would you expect each of the following to have on the Pgp of hemoglobin? (a)…
A: The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood at which the haemoglobin is 50 percent saturated,…
Q: What does the hemoglobin graph regarding YO2 represent?
A: Hemoglobin, also known as hemoglobin, is an iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein found in…
Q: Identify the factors that shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
A: The oxygen-dissociation curve is a graph with the oxygen partial pressure along the horizontal axis…
Q: What would happen in terms of pH, T to R state stability, and oxygen-carrying capacity if…
A: Whenever hemoglobin binds to oxygen there is conformational change occurs called the oxygenated…
Q: The equation describing the linear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and absorbance at…
A:
Q: What qualitative effect would you expect each of the following to have on the Ps0 of hemoglobin? (a)…
A: Hemoglobin is a protein that binds and transports oxygen in the blood. The hemoglobin is a…
Q: Describe the genetic and molecular basis of sickle-cell anemia.
A: Sickle-cell anemia is the group of disorders in which hemoglobin is affected that is present in the…
Q: What is the chemical makeup of hemoglobin?
A: Hemoglobin is a protein present in the RBCs, which carries oxygen to the tissues and receive CO2…
Q: Why chemical change occurs in the primary structure of the globin portionof the hemoglobin molecule…
A: Globin is a protein component of hemoglobin (part of red blood cell which carries oxygen to…
Q: What is the equilibrium expression of oxygenated hemoglobin to deoxygenated hemoglobin?
A: Hemoglobin is the body's oxygen carrier. It is a tetrameric protein. Its binding to oxygen is…
Q: How do you determine if glycolysis takes place in a erythrocyte hemolysate environment?
A: Cells that lack mitochondria (e.g. red blood cells) are completely dependent on glycolysis for ATP.…
Q: What effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH and why? What simple measure can be used to…
A: Deep and fast breathing is called over-breathing or hyperventilation. This condition occurs due to…
Q: How do these modulators enhance the function of hemoglobin under physiological conditions?
A: Oxygen binding to hemoglobin is described by a sigmoidal (S-shaped) curve. A sigmoidal binding curve…
Q: How does the oxygen-binding curve of fetal hemoglobin differ from that of adult hemoglobin?
A: In humans, the primary oxygen carrier protein for the fetus is known as fetal hemoglobin. Hemoglobin…
Q: Will a mutation from Distal histidine to phenylalanine shift the binding curve of hemoglobin?Will it…
A: Hemoglobin (Hb) is a iron containing metallo- protein molecule which carries oxygen from lungs to…
What is the molecular basis for the difference in the electrophoretic pattern between normal hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S?
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- Hemoglobin from different species can have different numbers of subunits. Let's consider three hemoglobin molecules: n = 1, n = 4, and n = 8, where each subunit has an oxygen P50 = 30 torr. (Recall that Pso is essentially a Kp and that oxygen partial pressure (torr) is directly proportional to concentration.) Which molecule transports the most O2 between the lungs (pO2 = 100 torr) and peripheral tissues (pO2 = 30 torr)? Please justify your answer.How does the difference between the-chain and the -chain of hemoglobin explain the differences inoxygen binding between Hb A and Hb F?What is erythropoietin? What is its biological function? What is recombinant erythropoietin? What is its application?
- What is the gene code for hemoglobin?BPC is a heterotropic allosteric modulator. in which way does this compound change the uptake and release of oxygen in hemoglobin?The 2-3 phosphoglycerate (BFG) binds to the central gap formed by the hemoglobin monomers (a2b2) facilitating the reversible release of oxygen. Approximate relationships between BFG concentrations in red blood cells and Pos in hemoglobin are in the table.a) Draw the reaction schemeb) Write the forces that condition the union between hemoglobin and BFG
- What qualitative effect would you expect each of the following to have onthe P50 of hemoglobin?(a) Increase in pH from 7.2 to 7.4(b) Increase in PCO2 from 20 to 40 mm Hg(c) Dissociation into monomer polypeptide chains(d) Decrease in 2,3-BPG concentration from 7 mM to 5 mM in red cells.Why does Fe2+ not fit perfectly into the center hemoglobin's heme pocket, while Fe3+ does ift perfectly into center hemoglobin's heme pocket? A) Fe2+ has a larger effective nuclear charge than Fe3+ . B) Fe2+ is to reactive to stably fit into hemoglobin's heme pocket. C) Fe2+ had a wrinkled shirt D) Fe2+ is repelled by the heme's coordinating nitrogens E) Fe3+ is denser and has a smaller ionic radius than Fe2+The sigmoidal, cooperative binding curve commonly observed for hemoglobin is a result of: a) competition between CO2 and O2 for heme binding. B) competition between heme and distal His for O2 binding c) competition between BPG and CO2 for binding at the central cavity site d) T to R transition Hemoglobin has a tendency to release its oxygen to the tissues because: a) in this region pH is high and O2 concentrations are low b) in this region both pH and O2 concentrations are low c) in this region both pH and O2 concentrations are high d) there is much BPG in this region Which statement about fetal hemoglobin is not true? A) fetal hemoglobin has gamma chains instead of beta chains b) fetal hemoglobin binds BPG less strongly than maternal hemoglobin c) fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen less strongly than maternal hemoglobin d) fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen more strongly than maternal hemoglobin Which process is most responsible for the sickling of cells seen in sickle…
- What are the conditions under which hemoglobin precipitates out of solution, and how are normal and sickle-cell hemoglobin different in that regard? What do you predict will happen to red blood cells if hemoglobin precipitates out of solution and crystallizes?Approximate P50 for myoglobin from its binding curve. Approximate P50 for normal hemoglobin and the hemoglobin mutant from the binding curve. At low pO2 (below 20 Torr), which binds O2 with greater affinity, normal hemoglobin or the hemoglobin mutant? At high pO2 (above 30 Torr), which binds O2 with greater affinity, normal hemoglobin or the hemoglobin mutant? Which protein, normal hemoglobin or the hemoglobin mutant, transports O2 more efficiently? Briefly explain your answer.What is the role of 2, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in the function of haemoglobin as an oxygen carrier molecule? Explain the binding mechanism and effect of 2,3-BPG leading to the reduced oxygen binding affinity for haemoglobin and transitions in the T (deoxygenated) and R (oxygenated) states of haemoglobin.