Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 1, Problem 43QTP
To determine
The unit cells shown in Figs. 1.3-1.5 can be represented by tennis balls arranged in various configurations in a box. In such an arrangement, the atomic packing factor (APF) is defined as the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the atoms to the volume of the unit cell. Show that the APF is
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
1. Aluminum has a FCC structure. If the atomic radius of aluminum is 0.143 nm, calculate
the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters.
2. Vanadium (V) has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.132 nm, and an atomic
weight of 50.94 g/mol. Compute and compare its theoretical density with the
experimental value found in the table in Chapter 2.
3. Strontium (Sr) has an FCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.215 nm and an atomic
weight of 87.62 g/mol. Calculate the theoretical density for Sr.
4. Determine the indices for the directions shown in the following cubic unit cell:
For Direction A
+2
A
+y
+x
For Direction B
+2
B
+y
Gallium has an orthorhombic structure,with a0 5 0.45258 nm, b0 5 0.45186 nm,and c0 5 0.76570 nm. The atomic radiusis 0.1218 nm. The density is 5.904 g/cm3,and the atomic weight is 69.72 g/mol.Determine(a) the number of atoms in each unit cell;and(b) the packing factor in the unit cell.
1. Aluminum has a FCC structure. If the atomic radius of aluminum is 0.143 nm, calculate
the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters.
2. Vanadium (V) has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.132 nm, and an atomic
weight of 50.94 g/mol. Compute and compare its theoretical density with the
experimental value found in the table in Chapter 2.
3. Strontium (Sr) has an FCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.215 nm and an atomic
weight of 87.62 g/mol. Calculate the theoretical density for Sr.
4. Determine the indices for the directions shown in the following cubic unit cell:
For Direction A
+z
A
+y
+x
For Direction B
+z
루루
B
+y
Chapter 1 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 1 - What is the difference between an atom and a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2RQCh. 1 - Prob. 3RQCh. 1 - Prob. 4RQCh. 1 - Define anisotropy. What is its significance?Ch. 1 - What effects does recrystallization have on the...Ch. 1 - What is strain hardening, and what effects does it...Ch. 1 - Explain what is meant by structure-sensitive and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9RQCh. 1 - What influence does grain size have on the...
Ch. 1 - What is the relationship between the nucleation...Ch. 1 - What is a slip system, and what is its...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between recovery and...Ch. 1 - What is hot shortness, and what is its...Ch. 1 - Explain the advantages and limitations of cold,...Ch. 1 - Describe what the orange peel effect is. Explain...Ch. 1 - Some metals, such as lead, do not become stronger...Ch. 1 - Describe the difference between preferred...Ch. 1 - Differentiate between stress relaxation and stress...Ch. 1 - What is twinning? How does it differ from slip?Ch. 1 - Prob. 21QLPCh. 1 - What is the significance of the fact that some...Ch. 1 - Is it possible for two pieces of the same metal to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 24QLPCh. 1 - A cold-worked piece of metal has been...Ch. 1 - What materials and structures can you think of...Ch. 1 - Two parts have been made of the same material, but...Ch. 1 - Do you think it might be important to know whether...Ch. 1 - Explain why the strength of a polycrystalline...Ch. 1 - Describe the technique you would use to reduce the...Ch. 1 - What is the significance of the fact that such...Ch. 1 - Prob. 32QLPCh. 1 - It has been noted that the more a metal has been...Ch. 1 - Is it possible to cold work a metal at...Ch. 1 - Comment on your observations regarding Fig. 1.14.Ch. 1 - Is it possible for a metal to be completely...Ch. 1 - Prob. 37QTPCh. 1 - Prob. 38QTPCh. 1 - Plot the data given in Table 1.1 in terms of...Ch. 1 - A strip of metal is reduced from 30 mm in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 41QTPCh. 1 - How many grains are there on the surface of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 43QTPCh. 1 - Prob. 44QTPCh. 1 - Prob. 45QTPCh. 1 - A technician determines that the grain size of a...Ch. 1 - If the diameter of the aluminum atom is 0.28 nm,...Ch. 1 - The following data are obtained in tension tests...Ch. 1 - Prob. 50QTPCh. 1 - Prob. 51QTPCh. 1 - Prob. 52QTPCh. 1 - Same as Prob. 1.39, but ASTM no. versus...Ch. 1 - By stretching a thin strip of polished metal, as...Ch. 1 - Draw some analogies to mechanical fiberingfor...Ch. 1 - Draw some analogies to the phenomenon of hot...Ch. 1 - Take a deck of playing cards, place a rubber band...Ch. 1 - Give examples in which anisotropy is scale...Ch. 1 - The movement of an edge dislocation was described...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume we have to accommodate 18 million books, each of which has 1 billion characters. If each character can be written using 100atoms, and if the bulk atoms can be used, calculate the size of an object (in nanometers) that can accommodate all the 18 million books. Assume one atom occupies a space which is 0.25 nm in sizearrow_forwardVanadium (V) has a BCC crystal structure. The atomic radius is R = 0.132 nm and the atomic mass is M = 50.94 g/mole. What is the density of Vanadium in g/mm ? Given: Avogadro's Number NA = 0.6023 x 1024 (atoms/mole) Select one: O a, 0.021 O b. 0.011 Oc.1.5 d. 0.0087 e. 0.00597 Potassium (K) has the Body-Centered Cubic (BC) crystal structune. The edge length is a = 0.533 nm. What is the linear density in atoms/nm along direction (01112 Select one: O ENG O O 0 00arrow_forwardSodium chloride (NaCl) has the rock salt crystal structure and a density of 2.17 g/cm³. The atomic weights of sodium and chlorine are 22.99 g/mol and 35.45 g/mol, respectively. (a) Determine the unit cell edge length. nm (b) Determine the unit cell edge length from the radii in the table below assuming that the Nat and Cl- ions just touch each other along the edges. nm Cation Mg2+ Fe2+ Na+ Ionic Radius (nm) 0.072 0.077 0.102 Anion Ionic Radius (nm) CI- 0²- 0.181 0.140arrow_forward
- Given that the salt, Potassium Bromide (KBr), forms the pictured rock salt structure and in that structure the K* and Br ions touch along the family of directions, calculate the atomic packing factor (APF) and theoretical density (p) in [g/cm'). Then answer the concept question. lonic radius: K* = 0.138 nm; Br = 0.196 nm Atomic Weight: K = 39.1 g/mol; Br = 79.9 g/mol APF = 9 /cm² Identify the type of ceramic defect that occurs where a pair of K* and Br ions goes missing from the lattice. Circle the correct option: a) Frenkel defect b) Schottky defect Note: Spaces between atomsarrow_forward3. Beryllium (Be) is an HCP structure with a=0.22858 nm and c=0.35842 nm. The atomic radius is 0.1143 nm, the density is 1.848 g/cm3, and the atomic mass is 9.01 g/mol. In this case, find (a) the number of atoms in the single crystal and (b) the atomic filling rate of the unit crystal.arrow_forwardConsider two hypothetical metallic crystal structures A and B. A has an fcc and B a bcc lattice structure. Both have the same unit cell volume. The Atomic Packing Factor for A is 0.740 and that for B is 0.680. What is the ratio of the fcc to bcc atomic radii? (This question has only one correct answer) a. 0.82 b. 0.63 c. 0.92 d. 0.44 e. 1.21 Clear my choicearrow_forward
- BCC Crystal Structure 1. Proof that for a Body-Centered-Cube Crystal Structure (BCC): 4 R a = V3 Where, "a" is the cube edge length. "R" is atomic radius. 2. Compute the volume of a BCC unit cell (Vc) in terms of the Atomic radius R. 3. Proof that the BCC crystal structure atomic packing factor is equivalent to 0.68arrow_forwardVanadium (V) has a BCC crystal structure. The atomic radius is R = 0.132 nm and the atomic mass is M = 50.94 g/mole. What is the density of Vanadium in g/mm3? Given: Avogadro’s Number NA = 0.6023 × 1024 (atoms/mole) Select one: a. 1.5 b. 0.021 c. 0.011 d. 0.0087 e. 0.00597arrow_forward1- The density of the elemental magnesium crystal structure, which is in the face centered cubic structure, is 1,738 g / cm3. Specify the side lengths of the crystal lattice. 2-Polonium is an element with a simple cubic crystal arrangement. Find the radius of the polonium atoms in this structure with a density of 9.4 g / cm3 and a weight of 209 g / atom. 3- A wire with a diameter of 9.6 mm is pulled with a force of 18,000 N. With this loading, the initial length of the wire that grows 1.5 mm is 400 mm. Find the engineering voltage.arrow_forward
- 3 Copper Unit Cell Uniqueness Here's a weird way to describe the structure of copper: Cu falls into the tetragonal crystal system with a = 0.256 nm, c = 0.362 nm = a√√2, and atoms located at 000 and. Its density is 8.94 g/cc at room temperature. (a) Draw a few adjacent units cells of the structure as described in this "weird" way. You should be able to see that there is a much more convenient way to describe the structure. What is it? (The point I wish to make is that there are many different unit cells that can be used to describe any given crystal, so we usually choose the one that is easiest to visualize.) (b) Calculate the radius of a copper atom using the above information. (c) Calculate the lattice parameter of the "better" unit cell of Cu.arrow_forwardb. Given that Na = 6.022x1023 atoms/mol. Calculate the theoretical density of nickel. Show your calculations.arrow_forward= 0.4961 nm and c = The unit cell for Cr2O3 has hexagonal symmetry with lattice parameters a 1.360 nm. If the density of this material is 5.22 g/cm³, calculate its atomic packing factor. For this computation assume ionic radii of 0.062 nm and 0.140 nm, respectively for Cr³+ and O²¯.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY