Essential Cosmic Perspective
Essential Cosmic Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135795033
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 49EAP
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To Explain: The way the total number of stars in the observable universe would be affected if 1 trillion small galaxies are considered instead of 100 billion large galaxies.

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As we discussed, clouds are made of a great many small drops. Really - a great many. Imagine a liquid cloud that fills a volume of 1 km3. The clouds contains 100 drops per cubic centimeter; for the sake of argument assume that each is 10 microns (micrometers) in radius. A. How many drops does the cloud contain? Compare this to a big number - say, the number of stars in the galaxy. B. What mass of water does the cloud contain? Compare this to something big - elephants, trucks, that sort of thing. C. What fraction of the cloud volume is filled with condensed water? One way to approach this is to compare the density of the suspended liquid water to the density of the surrounding air. D. How many 1 mm drizzle drops could you make from all the cloud drops? E. How much energy was released when this water condensed from vapor to liquid? If the water condensed in 20 minutes (a reasonable lifetime for a small cloud), what was the (energy per time)? power
1.  A distant galaxy has an apparent magnitude of 10 and is 4,000 kpc away. What is its absolute magnitude? (Round your answer to at least one decimal place.)   The difference in absolute magnitude between two objects viewed from the same distance is related to their fluxes by the flux-magnitude relation. FA/FB= 2.51(MB − MA)       2.   How does the absolute magnitude of this galaxy compare to the Milky Way (M = −21)?
Estimating the mass of the Milky Way a) Assuming the Sun moves in a circular orbit of radius 8 kiloparsecs around the center of the Milky Way, and that its orbital speed is 220 km/s, calculate how many years it takes the Sun to complete one orbit of the Galaxy. Remember to convert kiloparsecs to kilometers. b) Using the modified form of Kepler's third law (introduced in Lecture 13, for measuring the combined masses of binary stars), R³ m+ M = estimate the mass of the Milky Way enclosed within 8 kpc (Sun's orbit radius). The mass of the Milky Way inside p² I the Sun's orbit can be represented as a single mass (M) located at its center, and the mass of the Sun (m) can be considered infinitesimally small compared to the Milky Way's (i.e., m < M). c) Is this estimate of the Milky Way's mass an upper or lower limit? Explain your reasoning.

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Essential Cosmic Perspective

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