Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 9RA
A hormone called parathyroid hormone acts to help raise the blood calcium concentration. According to the principles of negative feedback, an effective stimulus for parathyroid hormone secretion would be
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A patient with parathyroid deficiency 10 days after inadvertent damage to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery would probably have
A. a low plasma calcium level, increased membrane permeability to sodium, increased muscular excitability, and muscle spasms or twitching.
B. a high plasma calcium level, decreased membrane permeability to sodium, and bone demineralization.
C. low plasma phosphate and calcium levels, decreased muscular excitability, and bone demineralization.
D. a high plasma calcium level, increased muscular excitability, and bone demineralization.
E. a low plasma calcium level, decreased membrane permeability to sodium, increased muscular excitability, and muscle spasms or twitching.
Which of the following rows identifies the hormone that stimulates the release of thyroxine, the gland that secretes thyroxine, and an effect of thyroxine?
Select one:
a.
Hormone
Gland
Effect
PTH
Parathyroid gland
Increases cellular respiration
b.
Hormone
Gland
Effect
TSH
Thyroid gland
Increases cellular respiration
c.
Hormone
Gland
Effect
TSH
Parathyroid gland
Decreases blood glucoses levels
d.
Hormone
Gland
Effect
PTH
Thyroid gland
Decreases blood glucose levels
A tumour on the parathyroid glands will result in excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) called hyperparathyroidism. PTH has a significant role in calcium homeostasis. Hyperparathyroidism will result in all the following EXCEPT
Select one:
a. the increase in blood calcium levels
b. the breakdown of bones and teeth to release calcium into the blood
c. the deposition of calcium into bones and teeth, making them strong and healthy
d. the increase in absorption of calcium ions by kidney nephrons, leading to kidney stones
Chapter 1 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 1 - How has the study of physiology aided, and been...Ch. 1 - Describe the steps involved in the scientific...Ch. 1 - Describe the different types of trials a new drug...Ch. 1 - Define homeostasis and describe how this concept...Ch. 1 - Define negative feedback and explain how it....Ch. 1 - Prob. 4CPCh. 1 - Explain how the secretion of a hormone is...Ch. 1 - List the four primary tissues and describe the...Ch. 1 - Compare and contrast the three types of muscle...Ch. 1 - Describe the different types of epithelial...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 1 - Describe the different types of connective tissues...Ch. 1 - State the location of each type of primary tissue...Ch. 1 - Describe the functions of nervous, muscle, and...Ch. 1 - Describe the functions of the epidermis and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9CPCh. 1 - Glands are derived from...Ch. 1 - Cells joined tightly together are characteristic...Ch. 1 - Cells are separated by large extracellular spaces...Ch. 1 - Blood vessels and nerves are usually located...Ch. 1 - Most organs are composed of...Ch. 1 - Sweat is secreted by exocrine glands. This means...Ch. 1 - Which of these statements about homeostasis is...Ch. 1 - In a negative feedback loop, the effector produces...Ch. 1 - A hormone called parathyroid hormone acts to help...Ch. 1 - Which of these consists of dense parallel...Ch. 1 - Prob. 11RACh. 1 - Prob. 12RACh. 1 - Describe the structure of the various epithelial...Ch. 1 - Compare bone, blood, and the dermis of the skin in...Ch. 1 - Describe the role of antagonistic negative...Ch. 1 - Using insulin as an example, explain how the...Ch. 1 - Describe the steps in the development of...Ch. 1 - Why is Claude Bernard considered the father of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 19RACh. 1 - Prob. 20RACh. 1 - Why are interactions between the body-fluid...Ch. 1 - Prob. 22RACh. 1 - Give examples of adult stem cells and explain...Ch. 1 - Prob. 24RACh. 1 - Prob. 25RACh. 1 - Prob. 26RA
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- hGH stimulates the liver to excrete growth factors. In combination with each other, hGH and growth factors affect many body processes.One role of hGH is to metabolize fats. Another hormone in the body that has a similar role to hGH and the gland that secretes that hormone are respectively: Select one: a. Hormone Gland Parathyroid hormone Thyroid gland b. Hormone Gland Thyroxine Thyroid gland c. Hormone Gland Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid gland d. Hormone Gland Thyroxine Parathyroid glandarrow_forwardThyroid hormone is the primary hormone that regulates body temperature. It does so by a. stimulating muscle contraction. b. increasing the number of Na+/K+ pumps in neurons. c. vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels. d. sweating.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT true about human growth hormone (hGH)? Select one: a. Excessive levels of hGH has been linked with diabetes mellitus. b. Genetically engineered hGH has been used safely to treat dwarfism. c. After the growth plate has sealed, increased levels of hGH results in a widening of the nose. d. hGH is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by anterior pituitary.arrow_forward
- In an emergency situation, fluids are given intravenously to a patient. The fluids increase the blood volume. Increasing the blood volume can help to increase the patient’s blood pressure.A hormone in the body that increases blood pressure and the mechanism it uses to do this are, respectively Select one: a. Hormone Mechanism ADH Increases water absorption in the kidneys b. Hormone Mechanism Oxytocin Increases smooth muscle contractions c. Hormone Mechanism ADH Decreases water absorption in the kidneys d. Hormone Mechanism Oxytocin Decreases smooth muscle contractionsarrow_forwardThyroid cancer results when the cells in the thyroid gland divide uncontrollably. Individuals who have excessive exposure to radiation may have higher chance of getting thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer can be treated through surgery, iodine therapy, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. What is the purpose of prescribing thyroxine medication for patients following the surgical removal of the thyroid gland? Select one: a. to decrease TRH and increase TSH levels b. to increase TRH and TSH levels c. to decrease TRH and TSH levels d. to increase TRH and decrease TSH levelsarrow_forwardHormone X appears to regulate the blood concentration of chemical Y via a negative feedback loop. a. Predict what happens to the secretion of hormone X when the blood concentration of chemical Y decreases. b. What effect will this likely have on the blood concentration of chemical Y?c. Predict what happens to the secretion of hormone X when the blood concentration of chemical Y increases.arrow_forward
- Vitamin D is the precursor of which of the following hormones? A. Calcitriol B. PTH C. Calcitonin D. Ghrelinarrow_forwardHuman growth hormone (hGH) affects many different parts of the body. When hGH is released, it stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which stimulates protein synthesis, muscle development, and bone growth, while suppressing fat storage. If hormone 3 levels increased, what would be the resulting effect on hormone 1 and 2? Select one: a. Hormone 1 Hormone 2 Increase Increase b. Hormone 1 Hormone 2 Decrease Decrease c. Hormone 1 Hormone 2 Decrease Increase d. Hormone 1 Hormone 2 Increase Decreasearrow_forwardWhich of the following manipulations could hypothetically alleviate the physiological stress response? A. Block the action of the parasympathetic nervous system. B. Apply an ACTH agonist. C. Block the action of the sympathetic nervous system. D. Increase the production of glucocorticoids.arrow_forward
- Growth hormone therapy has been widely used to help people with dwarfism and has helped certain individuals to become taller. Some recent studies have identified another hormone as potentially beneficial, which is given in conjunction with growth hormone. Given their general function, which hormone would supplement or enhance the effects of hGH? Select one: a. calcitonin b. cortisol c. inhibin d. parathyroidarrow_forwardA steroid hormone requires the use of a second messenger systemto enter a cell.a. trueb. falsearrow_forwardExplain how you would interpret the graph in Figure to show that PTH and calcitonin act in a complementary way to control blood calcium level.arrow_forward
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