It is common practice in many countries to destroy (shred) refrigerators at the end of their useful lives. In this process material from insulating foam may be released into the atmosphere. The article “Release of Fluorocarbons from Insulation Foam in Home Appliances During Shredding” (J. of the Air and Waste Mgmt. Assoc., 2007: 1452–1460) gave the following data on foam density (g/L) for each of two refrigerators produced by four different manufacturers:
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Does it appear that true average foam density is not the same for all these manufacturers? Carry out an appropriate test of hypotheses by obtaining as much P-value information as possible, and summarize your analysis in an ANOVA table.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
- An article in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science (Vol. 56, pp. 471–476, 1995) studied the effect of the mole ratio of sebacic acid on the intrinsic viscosity of copolyesters.- The data follows: Viscosity 0.45 0.2 0.34 0.58 0.7 0.57 0.55 0.44 Mole ratio 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 (a) Construct a scatter diagram of the data.arrow_forwardAn article in the Fire Safety Journal (“The Effect of Nozzle Design on the Stability and Performance of Turbulent Water Jets,” Vol. 4, August 1981) describes an experiment in which a shape factor was determined for several different nozzle designs at six levels of jet efflux velocity. Interest focused on potential differences between nozzle designs (blocks), with velocity considered as a nuisance variable. The data are shown below: Jet Efflux Velocity (m/s) Nozzle Design 11.73 14.37 16.59 20.43 23.46 28.74 1 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.75 0.77 0.78 2 0.85 0.85 0.92 0.86 0.81 0.83 3 0.93 0.92 0.95 0.89 0.89 0.83 4 1.14 0.97 0.98 0.88 0.86 0.83 5 0.97 0.86 0.78 0.76 0.76 0.75 1) Write the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis (for the factor). 2) Find the ANOVA table. (round to five decimal places). 3) What is your decision about the null hypothesis, consider ?. 4) If your decision in part (4) was reject , perform Tukey test to determine which pairwise means are…arrow_forwardThis dataset includes measurements of soil temperature and soil respiration at three places along the riverbank (upper, mid, and lower; the upper site is far away from water and the lower site is close to water). Please help describe and interpret the results below:arrow_forward
- The article refered to in Exercise 1 also considered the effect of gypsum on the electric conductivity (in dS m) of soil. Two types of soil were each treated with three different amounts of gypsum, with two replicates for each soil-gypsum combination. The data are presented in the following table. Soil Type Gypsum (g/kg) Las Animas Madera 0.00 1.52 1.05 1.01 0.92 0.27 1.49 0.91 1.12 0.92 0.46 0.9 0.92 0.88 0.92 Is there convincing evidence of an interaction between the amount of gypsum and soil type? Can you conclude that the conductivity differs among the soil types? Can you conclude that the conductivity differs with the amount of gypsum added? C.arrow_forwardIn Applied Life Data Analysis (Wiley, 1982), Wayne Nelson presents the breakdown time of an insulating fluid between electrodes at 34kV. The times, in minutes, are as follows: 0.20, 0.71, 0.92, 1.32, 2.67, 3.32, 4.15, 4.61, 4.83, 6.49, 7.41, 8.03, 8.31, 12.77, 31.53, 32.56, 33.80, 36.41, and 72.32. Calculate the sample mean and sample deviation of the breakdown data. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. The sample mean is Blank 1. The sample standard deviation is Blank 2 Blank 1 Add your answer Blank 2 Add your answerarrow_forwardThe article "Experimental Measurement of Radiative Heat Transfer in Gas-Solid Suspension Flow System" (G. Han, K. Tuzla, and J. Chen, AIChe Journal, 2002:1910- 1916) discusses the calibration of a radiometer. Several measurements were made on the electromotive force readings of the radiometer (in volts) and the radiation flux (in kilowatts per square meter). The results (read from a graph) are presented in the following table. Heat flux (y) 15 31 51 55 67 89 Signal output (x) 1.08 2.42 4.17 4.46 5.17 6.92 Compute the least-squares line for predicting heat flux from the signal output. If the radiometer reads 3.00 V, predict the heat flux. If the radiometer reads 8.00 V, should the heat flux be predicted? If so, predict it. If not, explain why. C.arrow_forward
- An article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering [“Overview of Reservoir Release Improvements at 20 TVA Dams” (Vol. 125, April 1999, pp. 1–17)] presents data on dissolved oxygen concentrations in streams below 20 dams in the Tennessee Valley Authority system. The observations are (in milligrams per liter):arrow_forwardQ3) An experiment was carried out to investigate variation of solubility of chemical X in water. The quantities in kg that dissolved in 1 liter at various temperatures are show in the table (1). Table (1) Temperature C Mass of X 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.3 15 20 25 30 35 4 50 5.1 70 7 Use the proper methods to answer the following questions: a) Draw a scatter diagram to show the data. b) Estimate the temperature based on the mass of X. c) What quantity might be expected to dissolve at 42 C? Find the quantity that your cquation indicates would dissolve at 10 C and comment on your answer.arrow_forward17.7 Butterfly wings. Researchers studied the morphological attributes of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), a species that undertakes large seasonal migrations over North America. They measured the forewing weight (in milligrams, mg) of a sample of 92 monarch butterflies, all of which had been reared in captivity in identical conditions.° Figure 17.4 shows the output from the statistical software JMP. (The data are also available in the Large.Butterfly the data file if you wish to practice working with your own software.) Estimate with 95% confidence the mean forewing weight of monarch butterflies reared in captivity. Follow the four- step process as illustrated in Example 17.2. 4 STEP そMP FWweight 30 25 20 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 8 9 10 Summary Statistics Mean 11.795652 Std Dev 1.1759413 Std Err Mean 0.1226004 Upper 95% Mean Lower 95% Mean 1 FIGURE 17.4 Software output (JMP) for the forewing weight of monarch 12.039183 11.552122 92 N. butterflies. Countarrow_forward
- A new starch polymer foam with high shock absorbent properties is expected to perform better than the old foam which can withstand a maximum impact of 1.56 Joule (J). A simple destructive test to quantify shock absorption ability of the new foam is conducted. Table 5 shows the impact energy absorbed (in J) that the new foam can withstand for each test. Table 5 1.61 1.5 1.65 1.7 1.4 1.59 1.65 1.5 Does the recorded data suggests that the new foam performs better than the old foam? Use 2.5% level of significance.arrow_forwardIn Applied Life Data Analysis (Wiley, 1982), Wayne Nelson presents the breakdown time of an insulating fluid between electrodes at 34 kV. The times, in minutes, are as follows: 0.19, 0.78, 0.96, 1.31, 2.78, 3.16, 4.15, 4.67, 4.85, 6.50, 7.35, 8.01, 8.27, 12.06, 31.75, 32.52, 33.91, 36.71, and 72.89. Calculate the sample mean and sample standard deviation.arrow_forwardThe efficiency ratio for a steel specimen immersed in a phosphating tank is the weight of the phosphate coating divided by the metal loss (both in mg/ft2). The article “Statistical Process Control of a Phosphate Coating Line” (Wire J. Intl., May 1997: 78–81) gave the accompanying data on tank temperature (x) and efficiency ratio (y).Temp. 170 172 173 174 174 175 176Ratio .84 1.31 1.42 1.03 1.07 1.08 1.04Temp. 177 180 180 180 180 180 181Ratio 1.80 1.45 1.60 1.61 2.13 2.15 .84Temp. 181 182 182 182 182 184 184Ratio 1.43 .90 1.81 1.94 2.68 1.49 2.52Temp. 185 186 188Ratio 3.00 1.87 3.08a. Construct stem-and-leaf displays of both temperature and efficiency ratio, and comment on interesting features.b. Is the value of efficiency ratio completely and uniquely determined by tank temperature? Explain your reasoning.c. Construct a scatterplot of the data. Does it appear that efficiency ratio could be very well predicted by the value of temperature? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillAlgebra: Structure And Method, Book 1AlgebraISBN:9780395977224Author:Richard G. Brown, Mary P. Dolciani, Robert H. Sorgenfrey, William L. ColePublisher:McDougal Littell