Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11.2, Problem 1BC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The reason due to which DNA polymerase cannot copy the 3’ end of a linear chromosome.
Introduction:
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b. The diagram below is of a short stretch of prokaryotic chromosomal DNA in the process of replication.
Please supply the specific pieces of information requested by the boxes below.
1. What enzyme relaxes the
supercoils?
2. What enzyme unwinds the DNA?
7. What does this arrow
represent?
3. What enzyme synthesizes the
RNA primer
8. Why should this single-stranded
portion be stabilized?
4. What is this short segment of
DNA called?
9. What enzyme synthesizes this
long DNA segment?
5. What enzyme removes the RNA
primer and replaces it with DNA?
10. Is this the leading or the
lagging side?
6. What enzyme joins the short
segments of DNA together?
3
a. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial
DNA replication, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step.
(Hint: mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)
b. In the early 1900s, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty performed an experiment in bacterial cells to
determine whether DNA, RNA, or protein functions as the 'transforming molecule' (i.e. the genetic
material). In your own words, how did their experiment (depicted in the figure below) help to
answer that question?
Below is a picture of a single origin of replication in a eukaryotic cell.
5'
3'
5'
1. On the figure above, Draw out where the following molecules will be
located: Helicase; Sliding Clamp, Single Strand Binding Protein.
2. On the right hand side of the dotted line, the replication of which template
strand (top or bottom) will be continuous by DNA polymerase?
3. On the left hand side of the dotted line, the complete replication of which
template strand (top or bottom) will be more affected by a mutation that
causes DNA ligase to be partially functional?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 11.1 - Which of these binding interactions might be...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 11.1 - When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it contains...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 11.4 - Explain why RISC binds to a specific mRNA. What...Ch. 11.4 - The process of RNA interference may lead to the...
Ch. 11.4 - To catalyze the methylation of an rRNA, a snoRNA...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 11.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.6 - Which of the following components are needed for...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 11.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 11 - Which of the following types of molecules could...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2TYCh. 11 - Prob. 3TYCh. 11 - Prob. 4TYCh. 11 - Prob. 5TYCh. 11 - Prob. 6TYCh. 11 - Prob. 7TYCh. 11 - Prob. 8TYCh. 11 - Prob. 9TYCh. 11 - Prob. 10TYCh. 11 - An ncRNA may have the following funtions:...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 11 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 11 - Review the concept of an RNA world described in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- 3b) Briefly explain what telomerase does, how it accomplishes what it does, and why that allows a cell to completely and accurately replicate the ends of linear DNA molecules. (please note that the question does not ask you to explain the entire process of replication of the end of a linear DNA strand, it only asks about the function of telomerase in this process)arrow_forwardA. In NOT more than 200 words, explain how the double-helical structure of DNA suggests a mechanism for DNA replication? B. In NOT more than 200 words, explain the special mechanism used to replicate chromosome ends?arrow_forwardA chromosome contains many different genes that are transcribed into different ___ . a. proteins b. polypeptides c. RNAs d. a and barrow_forward
- Provide a detailed description with a hand-drawn figure of the role DNA recombination plays in replication and repair.arrow_forwardA. Refer to the figure below and explain DNA packaging and Describe 1 structural feature/characteristic which makes histones well-suited for attracting and assisting with the packaging of DNA nucleus cel DNA of double helixarrow_forwardA. Illustrate. Consider the given pair of homologous DNA molecules. T T' t t' Y Y' y y' L L' I l' G G' g g Suppose the single strand breaks in the figure initiated an exchange of segments, and branch migration proceeded up to the L'-B' region. Following the color-coding and genotypes of the given DNA molecules, 1. Draw the resulting DNA molecule after branch migration. Do not forget to show the Holliday junction.arrow_forward
- A. Diagram a short single strand of DNA 5’ -AA-GG- 3’. Show the chemical structure of the phosphoribosyl backbone and the attachment point for nucleotides added as “A” or “G”. B. Diagram the product of digestion was a restriction enzyme to cut this sequence between the A and G.arrow_forward1b. Write a DNA sequence 18 base pairs long in which each strand would form a cruciform structure if the two strands were separated. Label the 5' and 3' ends of each strand.arrow_forwardI. Compare how Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes differ on each of the following aspects of DNA replication: 1. How do the number and types of DNA polymerase differ between these three groups? 2. How does the physical location in the cell of DNA replication differ between these three groups? 3. Are there differences between these three groups in the timing of when DNA replication occurs in cells? 4. How does origin of replication differ in terms of number and location between these three groups?arrow_forward
- 1c) During DNA replication, both positive and negative supercoiling is introduced in the DNA being replicated. Name the enzymes that introduce supercoiling into DNA during replication; please clearly indicate which enzyme(s) introduce positive supercoiling and which enzyme(s) introduce negative supercoiling.arrow_forward32)An origin of replication is given below. Sequences of selected parental strand regions are given. The directionality of the bottom parental strand is indicated. Use the diagram to answer the corresponding questions. #2 *1 CTAAGCA ATCGAGG XXXXX XXXX 3' ICTAGTT 5' ge exon #3 a.) On the diagram, label the 5' and 3' end of the top strand of parental DNA b Draw arrows to indicate direction of DNA synthesis for each of the 4 daughter strands. e) For each daughter strand, specify if synthesis is continuous or discontinuous. d) On your diagram, label the 5' and 3' ends of the newly synthesized daughter strands e.) Which parental strands are the template for leading strand synthesis? (# 1- 4) Strand # Strand # f.) Which parental strands are the template for lagging strand synthesis? (# 1- 4) Strand # Strand # g.) What is the specific sequence of the primer required to start DNA replication ior strands 1 and 3? Assume the primer will bind to the location where the base sequence is given on…arrow_forwarda) Explain how the molecular mechanism of DNA polymerase enhances DNA replication. b) Discuss the characteristic of DNA polymerase 1, Nick translation Proofreadingarrow_forward
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