Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042282
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1.15, Problem 44P
a. What is the hybridization of each of the carbon atoms in the following compound?
b. What is the hybridization of each of the C, N. and O atoms in the following compounds:
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Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Oxygen has three isotopes, 16O, 17O, and 18O. The...Ch. 1.1 - a. How many protons do the following species...Ch. 1.1 - Chlorine has two isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl; 75.77%...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 1.2 - a. Write the ground-state electronic configuration...Ch. 1.2 - Look at the relative positions of each pair of...Ch. 1.3 - a. Find potassium (K) in the periodic table and...Ch. 1.3 - Which bond is more polar? a. b. c. d.Ch. 1.3 - Which of the following has a. the most polar bond?...Ch. 1.3 - Use the symbols + and to show the direction of...
Ch. 1.3 - Explain why HCL has a smaller dipole moment than...Ch. 1.3 - After examining the potential maps for LiH, HF,...Ch. 1.4 - An atom with a formal charge does not necessarily...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 16PCh. 1.4 - a. Draw two Lewis structure for C2H6O. b. Draw...Ch. 1.4 - Draw the lone-pair electrons that are not shown in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 20PCh. 1.4 - Which of the atoms in the molecular models in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 22PCh. 1.4 - Prob. 23PCh. 1.5 - Draw the following orbitals: a. 3s orbital b. 4s...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 25PCh. 1.6 - Indicate the kind of molecular orbital (, , , or )...Ch. 1.7 - What orbitals are used to form the 10 sigma bonds...Ch. 1.7 - Explain why a bond formed by overlap of s orbital...Ch. 1.9 - Put n number in each of the blanks: a. __ s...Ch. 1.9 - For each of the given species: a. Draw its Lewis...Ch. 1.11 - Predict the approximate bond angles in a. the...Ch. 1.11 - According to the potential map for the ammonium...Ch. 1.12 - Prob. 35PCh. 1.13 - a. What are the relative lengths and strengths of...Ch. 1.13 - Prob. 38PCh. 1.14 - Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond...Ch. 1.15 - Which of the bond in a carbon-oxygen double bond...Ch. 1.15 - Would you expect a CC bond formed by sp2sp2...Ch. 1.15 - Caffeine is a natural insecticide found in the...Ch. 1.15 - a. What is the hybridization of each of the carbon...Ch. 1.15 - Predict the approximate bond angles for a. the CNC...Ch. 1.16 - What of the following molecules would you expect...Ch. 1.16 - Account for the difference in the shape and color...Ch. 1.16 - If the dipole moment of CH3F is 1.847 D and the...Ch. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following:...Ch. 1 - Prob. 50PCh. 1 - What is the hybridization of all the atoms (other...Ch. 1 - Draw the condensed structure of a compound that...Ch. 1 - Predict the approximate bond angles: a. the CNH...Ch. 1 - Prob. 54PCh. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following:...Ch. 1 - What is the hybridization of each of the carbon...Ch. 1 - Rank the bonds from most polar. a. CO, CF, CN b....Ch. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following:...Ch. 1 - Prob. 59PCh. 1 - What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in...Ch. 1 - Predict the approximate bond angles for the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 62PCh. 1 - Draw the missing lone-pair electrons and assigns...Ch. 1 - a. Which of the indicated bonds in each molecule...Ch. 1 - For each of the following molecules, indicate the...Ch. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following:...Ch. 1 - Prob. 67PCh. 1 - Rank the following compounds from highest dipole...Ch. 1 - In which orbitals are the lone pairs in nicotine?Ch. 1 - Prob. 70PCh. 1 - Prob. 71PCh. 1 - a. Which of the species have bond angles of 109.5?...Ch. 1 - Prob. 73PCh. 1 - Which compound has a larger dipole moment: CH3Cl...Ch. 1 - Prob. 75PCh. 1 - Explain why CH3Cl has a greater dipole moment than...Ch. 1 - a. Draw a Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 1 - There are three isomers with molecular formula...
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- In propene CH3CH=CH2, the first carbon has sp3 hybrid orbitals and the second carbon has sp2 hybrid orbitals. These orbitals interact to make a bond. Why are these hybrid orbitals not orthogonal?arrow_forward7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result?arrow_forwardIndigo is the dye used in coloring blue jeans. The term navy blue is derived from the use of indigo to dye British naval uniforms in the eighteenth century. The structure of the indigo molecule is a. How many bonds and bonds exist in the molecule? b. What hybrid orbitals are used by the carbon atoms in the indigo molecule?arrow_forward
- Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in the following molecule. (The arrangement of atoms is given; you need to determine how many bonds connect each pair of atoms.)arrow_forwardNumerous molecules are detected in deep space. Three of them are illustrated here. (a) Are these compounds isomers? (b) Indicate the hybridization of each C atom in each molecule. (c) What is the value of the HCH angle in each of the three molecules? (d) Which of these molecules is/are polar? (e) Which molecule should have the strongest carbon-carbon bond? The strongest carbon-oxygen bond?arrow_forwardDetermine the bond order of each member of the following groups, and determine which member of each group is predicted by the molecular orbital model to have the strongest bond. (a) H2,H2+,H2 (b) O2,O22+,O22 (c) Li2,Be2+,Be2 (d) F2,F2+,F2 (e) N2,N2+,N2arrow_forward
- Methylcyanoacrylate is the active ingredient in super glues. Its Lewis structure is (a) How many sigma bonds are in the molecule? (b) How many pi bonds are in the molecule? (c) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen? (d) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to oxygen? (e) What is the hybridization of the double-bonded oxygen?arrow_forwardTwo important industrial chemicals, ethene, C2H4, and propene, C3H6, are produced by the steam (or thermal) cracking process: 2C3H8(g)C2H4(g)+C3H6(g)+H2(g) For each of the four carbon compounds, do the following: (a) Draw a Lewis structure. (b) Predict the geometry about the carbon atom. (c) Determine the hybridization of each type of carbon atom.arrow_forwardPelargondin is the molecule responsible for the red color of the geranium flower. It also contributes to the color of ripe strawberries and raspberries. The structure of pelargondin is: How many and bonds exist in pelargondin? What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms marked 14?arrow_forward
- Consider the following molecular orbitals formed from the combination of two hydrogen 1s orbitals: a. Which is the bonding molecular orbital and which is the antibonding molecular orbital? Explain how you can tell by looking at their shapes. b. Which of the two molecular orbitals is lower in energy? Why is this true?arrow_forwardLets look more closely at the process of hybridization. (a) What is the relationship between the number of hybrid orbitals produced and the number of atomic orbitals used to create them? (b) Do hybrid atomic orbitals form between different p orbitals without involving 5 orbitals? (c) What is the relationship between the energy of hybrid atomic orbitals and the atomic orbitals from which they are formed?arrow_forwardGive the shape that describes each hybrid orbital set: (a) sp2 (b) sp3d (c) sp (d) sp3d2arrow_forward
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