(a)
Interpretation:
Mixture of three molecules are separated on a
Concept Introduction:
London dispersion force also called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.
Dipole-dipole interaction results when two dipolar molecules interact with each other through space, there occurs a partially negative charge of one of the polar molecules is attracted to the partially positive charge of the second polar molecule.
Ion-dipole interaction results of an electrostatic interaction between a charged ion and a molecule that has a dipole.
A hydrogen bonding is partially an electrostatic attraction between
(b).
Interpretation:
It should be determine that which molecules is most attracted to the stationary phase, and what are the forces that attract the molecule to the non-polar phase.
Concept Introduction:
London dispersion force also called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.
Dipole-dipole interaction results when two dipolar molecules interact with each other through space, there occurs a partially negative charge of one of the polar molecules is attracted to the partially positive charge of the second polar molecule.
Ion-dipole interaction results of an electrostatic interaction between a charged ion and a molecule that has a dipole.
A hydrogen bonding is partially an electrostatic attraction between
(c).
Interpretation:
It should be determine that which molecules is most attracted to the stationary phase, and what are the forces that attract the molecule to the non-polar phase.
Concept Introduction:
London dispersion: This force also called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.
Dipole-dipole interaction: Dipole interaction results when two dipolar molecules interact with each other through space, there occurs a partially negative charge of one of the polar molecules is attracted to the partially positive charge of the second polar molecule.
Ion-dipole interaction results of an electrostatic interaction between a charged ion and a molecule that has a dipole.
A hydrogen bonding is partially an electrostatic attraction between
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Q2. What does “crude” product mean? Q3. What is the advantage of using Buchner filtration in filtering crystals? Q4. Briefly explain how scratching the wall of the glass flask can help formation of crystals. Q5. Briefly explain why crystals form as the solvent cools during recrystallization.arrow_forward1. How did the temperature change throughout the experiment? Use relative terms like increase, decrease or no change, to explain. 2. What phase change is occurring during the addition of 20 to 100 calories? 3. What is happening to the water molecules in the solid-state during the addition of the first 20 calories, and in the liquid state during the addition of 100 to 200 calories? 4. What phase change is occurring during the addition of 200 to 700 calories? 5. Write a paragraph that explains what latent heat is and use latent heat to explain what the ice, liquid, and gas experienced throughout the experiencearrow_forwarda. Refer to the solubility curve below. Which compound below is the least soluble at 10°C?(refer to the photo attached) b. Which among the compounds in the figure below has the greatest increase of solubility as temperature increases from 0 to 30 ⁰C? (refer to the photo attached) c. Which of the following compounds below exhibits an exothermic reaction upon dissolution?(refer to the photo attached)arrow_forward
- Activity 2. Srength of IMFA and Physical Properties of Covalent Compounds For each pair of molecules, identify the one with the higher boiling point (BP), melting point (MP), viscosity (V), surface tension (ST) and vapor pressure (VP). Briefly explain your choice. BP MP V ST VP CI H C H CI C CI Methane, CH. carbon tetrachloride. CCl. H. H. H. H. Dihydrogen sulfide. H:S water, H:O H. H. H. C O H. H C C H. Methanol, CH:OH ethanol. CH,CH:OH H OH H C C H C С С H. H. H. Acetic acid. CH:COOH acetone, CH:OCH; Brief explanation: and alogtarrow_forwardYou've just synthesized a new molecule and need to purify it by recrystallization. You find that it is poorly soluble in water and highly soluble in ethanol, even when cooled in ice. What solvent should work in this situation? a. water b. Recrystallization from any solvent is impossible. c. methanol d. a solvent mixture - water and ethanolarrow_forwardwhich of the following statements regarding purification by recrystallization is false? i. activated charcoal removes insoluble impurities. ii. water is the best recrystallization solvent for organic compounds. iii. slow cooling permits the exclusion of the solvent from the recrystallized solid. a. i, ii, and iii b. i and ii c. i only d. ii and iiiarrow_forward
- Part B: Miscibility of liquids 1. Place 10 drops of propan-2-ol into each of two DRY semi-micro test tubes. 2. Add 10 drops of water to one test tube and 10 drops of cyclohexane to the other test tube, shake and observe whether the two liquids in each test tube are miscible. Record your results then discard the contents of the test tubes into the organic waste container. 3. Place 10 drops of water in a clean semi–micro test tube and add 10 drops of cyclohexane to it. Record whether the two liquids are miscible. If two layers form (i.e. the liquids are immiscible) add a drop of blue food dye to the mixture and shake, then allow the two layers to reform. Based on your observation, decide whether the food dye is more soluble in water or cyclohexane and then discard the mixture into the non–halogenated waste container. Record whether the combinations of liquids shown below are miscible. Water Cyclohexane Propan-2-ol Cyclohexanearrow_forwardIn a thin layer chromatography (TLC) experiment, solute A traveled 20 mm while solute B traveled 30 mm. The solvent traveled 40 mm. Which has a greater affinity for the silica gel? a. solute B b. A & B have equal affinity c. not enough data d. solute Aarrow_forward1. Given the following solvents and their dielectric constants: Hexane - 1.88 Benzene 4.6 Ethanol 25 Water 80 a. Draw the structures of each and label the orbitals involved in the bonds present in each structure. b. Which solvents can dissolve non-polar molecules? Explain your answer. c. Which solvents can dissolve polar molecules? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Assume that your compound recrystallizes equally well from benzyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Which solvent is the better choice for recrystallization? a. Benzyl alcohol because it is miscible with water. b. Isopropyl alcohol is better because it has a much lower boiling point and is easier evaporate off c. A mixed solvent - benzyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol d. It doesn't matter which one if they work equally in the recrystallization process.arrow_forwardExperiment 10-Polarity and Solubility name section date Pre-Laboratory Assignment 1. Define the terms below a. Immiscible- b. Hydrocarbon - c. Functional group - z. What is the general rule of solubility? Explain briefly what it means! 3. For a molecule of phosphorus trichloride, PCl3: a. Draw the Lewis structure of this molecule. Using the Pauling electronegativity scale, determine which bonds are polar; show them on the structure using the 8+/o- notation. b. Is this molecule polar? Explain briefly why or why not. What type of intermolecular forces should exist between two PCl3 molecules? c. d. Will PCl3 be soluble in water, H20? Explain briefly why or why not. 4. On the Worksheet, add any missing lone pairs. To avoid getting points off, have the TA or instructor check this step for completion before you turn in the pre-lab. 129arrow_forwardYou are asked by your chemistry teacher to find: a) the solubility of different carboxylic acids in water and b) whether there is a connection between solubility and structure of different carboxylic acids. Follow the questions below to design and conduct an experiment to determine an answer to this question. a. From the paragraph above, write a question out that you will try and answer from conducting an experiment (C:2) b. Based upon your knowledge of the physical properties of organic compounds, hypothesize an order of solubility from lowest to highest: (1:3) Organic Compound Order of solubility (1=lowest, 3=highest) Pentanoic acid Hexanoic acid Ethanoic acid c. Provide an overall explanation for your hypothesis based upon your knowledge of physical properties. (A:3) d. Based upon the materials listed below, design a step by step experiment to test your hypothesis. Provide your individual steps. Include all the materials listed below. (1:3) Materials: CH,(CH,4COOH (), CH,COOH (),…arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning