Chapter 12, Problem 35E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 35E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of two nitrogen atom. The number of valence electron in each nitrogen atom is five. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is ten $\left(10e^{-}\right)$. The number of electron pair is five $\left(10/2=5\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 1

Out of five electron pairs, three electron pairs are involved in bonding. Therefore, there is two lone pair. The structural formula for ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 2

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in figure 1.

The structural formula for ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in figure 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 35E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of one phosphorous atom and three iodine atoms. The number of valence electron in each phosphorous atom is five. The number of valence electron in each iodine atom is seven. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is twenty six $\left(26e^{-}\right)$. The number of electron pair is thirteen $\left(26/2=13\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 3

Out of thirteen electron pairs, only three electron pair is involved in bonding. Therefore, there is ten lone pair. The structural formula for ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 4

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 3.

The structural formula for ${\text{PI}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for $\text{HONO}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 35E

The electron dot formula for $\text{HONO}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for $\text{HONO}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in $\text{HONO}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of one hydrogen atom, two oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom. The number of valence electron in each nitrogen atom is five. The number of valence electron in each oxygen atom is six. The number of valence electron in each hydrogen atom is one. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in $\text{HONO}$ molecule is eighteen $\left(18e^{-}\right)$. The number of electron pair is nine $\left(18/2=9\right)$. The electron dot formula for $\text{HONO}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 5

Out of nine electron pairs, four electron pair is involved in bonding. Therefore, there is five lone pair. The structural formula for $\text{HONO}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 6

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for $\text{HONO}$ molecule is shown in Figure 5.

The structural formula for $\text{HONO}$ molecule is shown in Figure 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 35E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of two carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. The number of valence electron in each carbon atom is four. The number of valence electron in each hydrogen atom is one. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is twelve $\left(12e^{-}\right)$. The number of electron pair is six $\left(12/2=6\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 7

All electron pair is involved in bonding. Therefore, there is no lone pair. The structural formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 8

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 7.

The structural formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 8.