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- It is unlikely that a process can be isothermal unless it is a very slow process. Explain why. Is the same true for isobaric and isochoric processes? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe insulated cylinder shown below is closed at both ends and contains an insulating piston that is flee to move on frictionless bearings. The piston divides the chamber into two compartments containing gases A and B. Originally, each compartment has a volume of 5.0102 m3 and contains a monatomic ideal gas at a temperature of and a pressure of 1.0 atm. (a) How many moles of gas are in each compartment? (b) Heat Q is slowly added to A so that it expands and B is compressed until the pressure of both gases is 3.0 atm. Use the fact that the compression of B is adiabatic to determine the final volume of both gases. (c) What are their final temperatures? (d) What is the value of Q?arrow_forwardA gas is taken through the cyclic process shown in the attached figure. (a) Find the net energy transferred to the system by heat during one complete cycle. (b) What if the cycle is reversed - that is, the process follows the path ACBA – what is the net energy input per cycle by heat?arrow_forward
- An engine goes through the reversible cycle shown. The engine contains n = 8 mol of a diatomic ideal gas with specific heat at constant volume of 20.8 J/(K mol). The process 3 -> 1 is an isothermal process (recall the work done during such a process is nRT ln(Vi/Vf)). The other two process types can be inferred from the diagram. At point 3, the pressure of the gas is 12 105 Pa, its temperature is 1530 degrees celsius, and its volume is 0.1 m3. At point 2, the temperature of the gas is 30 degrees celsius. See image for following questions and keep answers for 3 significant figures.arrow_forwardA total of a 185 J of work is done on a gaseous refrigerant as it under goes compression, If the internal energy of the gas increases by 160 J during the process. What is the total amount of energy transferred as heat? Has energy been added to or removed from the refrigerant as heat? Show the procedure, result with units and directionarrow_forwardIn the figure below, 3 moles of an ideal diatomic gas undergoes different processes in a thermal-engine. Starting from point a, it goes through an isobaric process to point b, and having an isothermal process to point c, it reaches to point d via an isovolumetric process, and finally completes the cycle experiencing an adiabatic process a) Find pressure at points c and d, and temprature at points a, b, c, and d. P (Pa) x 103 5 V (m) 1 2 2.5arrow_forward
- A 2 mole sample ideal gas is confined in a cylinder that is carried through a closed cycle. The gas is initially at 63 atm. First, its pressure is tripled under constant volume. Then, it expands isothermally to its original pressure. Finally, the gas is compressed isobarically to its original volume (see the figure) . What was the net work done (in kJ) on the gas for this cycle? (Answer 2 decimal places) 3 P; Isothermal C P V(L) Vcarrow_forwardIn Figure 1, we have a box of gas that contains a paddle which, whenturned, does work on the surroundings. The box initially has a partition,and one mole of gas is contained only on one side. When the partition isbroken, the gas will move to occupy the entire box. The gas is heated suchthat it has a constant temperature. (hint: Assume the gas is an ideal gas.For such a gas, its internal energy is a function purely of its temperatureand not its volume and pressure.)a) How much work will the gas do on the surroundings?b) How much heat did it add to the gas during this process?c) What is the gain in entropy of the system?d) The entropy increase is the loss of energy per unit temperature that isavailable to do work. The amount of energy that is no longer available todo work is Q = ST. After this process, how much heat will be available to1do work? Does your answer make physical sense? How much work couldbe done, thinking about this conceptually, after this process?arrow_forwardIn a heat engine, 2.00 mol of a diatomic gas are carried through the cycle ABCDA, shown in Figure. (The PV diagram is not drawn to scale.) The segment AB represents an isothermal expansion, and the segment BC is an adiabatic expansion. The pressure and temperature at A are 5.00 atm and 600 K. The volume at B is twice the volume at A. The pressure at D is 1.00 atm. A) What is the pressure at B? B) What is the temperature at C? C) Find the total work done by the gas in one cycle.arrow_forward
- Answer the following items below with complete answer 3. (a). Give an example of an irreversible process and explain its corresponding entropy change. (b). State the difference between a cyclic and reversible process. (c). By considering only the phase change of an ice, explain why this process results in more disordered state. (d). What type of processes occur in a Carnot cycle? (e). In a Carnot cycle, why is it that the entropy does not change during the adiabatic process?arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about the PV diagram shown in the picture. Question 1: How much work is done by the gas in each cycle ADCA? Answer in joules. Question 2: How much work is done by the gas in each cycle ADBA? Answer in joules. Question 3: How much work is performed in the process AD? Answer in joules.arrow_forwardConverting sunlight to electricity with solar cells has an efficiency of 15%. It's possible to achieve a higher efficiency (though currently at higher cost) by using concentrated sunlight as the hot reservoir of a heat engine. Each dish in (Figure 1) concentrates sunlight on one side of a heat engine, producing a hot-reservoir temperature of 560 ∘C. The cold reservoir, ambient air, is approximately 30 ∘C. The actual working efficiency of this device is 30%. What is the theoretical maximum efficiency?arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning