Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 15.3, Problem 10BYGO
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The autonomic nervous system is divided into two divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Both these systems innervate the visceral organs and have their own effects on the target organs. The sympathetic system operates in the heart, lungs, and smooth muscles and it executes its effect on flight or fight response to create organs excitation. On the contrary, the parasympathetic system innervates the same organ and it effects executes during rest or digest mode. The innervation of an organ by the sympathetic and parasympathetic system is said to be the dual innervation.
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Which of the following is an example of antagonistic control?
O The parasympathetic nervous system originates from the brain stem and pelvic nerves, while the sympathetic arises from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord.
O Sympathetic stimulation causes renin secretion by the kidneys, but the kidneys are not innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system.
O Parasympathetic stimulation causes bronchoconstriction, while sympathetic stimulation causes bronchodilation.
O The vagus nerve innervates much of the viscera, changing the function of each of them independently of the others.
When comparing the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic systems, what conclusion can be reached with respect to many of the organs and their functions shown in Model 1?
Which of the following statements is true?
Chemical messengers within cells are always the main determinant of the effector response.
Dual innervation is always present in all organs and glands; one branch enhances the function or secretion, while the other branch inhibits it.
The beating of the heart is regulated only by the sympathetic division.
Some blood vessels contain alpha adrenergic receptors that cause vasoconstriction in the presence of epinephrine, whereas others have beta adrenergic receptors that cause vasodilation in the presence of epinephrine.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 15.1 - The fundamental function and effectors of the...Ch. 15.1 - Why this system is called autonomic; how it...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 15.1 - Why it cannot be said that at any given moment,...Ch. 15.1 - Basic anatomical components of the ANSCh. 15.1 - How autonomic efferent pathways differ from...Ch. 15.2 - Explain why the sympathetic division is also...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 1AYLO
Ch. 15.2 - Anatomy of the sympathetic chain; the number of...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 15.2 - Differences between the spinal nerve route,...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 15.2 - The degree and significance of neural divergence...Ch. 15.2 - Why the adrenal medulla can be considered part of...Ch. 15.2 - Names and numbers of the cranial and spinal nerves...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 15.2 - The location and functions of the enteric nervous...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 15.3 - Autonomic control of certain organs by dual...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 15.4 - Examples of the influence of the cerebral cortex,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 15 - Muscarinic receptors bind a. epinephrine. b....Ch. 15 - All of the following cranial nerves except the...Ch. 15 - Which of the following cranial nerves carries...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 15 - Epinephrine is secreted by a. sympathetic...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 15 - The gray communicating ramus contains a. visceral...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 15 - Which of these does not result from sympathetic...Ch. 15 - Certain nerve fibers are called _______ fibers...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 15 - Most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arc...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 15 - Baro -Ch. 15 - Lyto-Ch. 15 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 15 - reno-Ch. 15 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 15 - The parasympathetic nervous system controls...Ch. 15 - Voluntary control of the ANS is not possible.Ch. 15 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 15 - The two divisions of the ANS have cooperative...Ch. 15 - You are dicing raw onions while preparing dinner,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 15 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 15 - What would be the advantage to a wolf in having...Ch. 15 - Pediatric literature has reported many cases of...
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- A sympathetic response can be inhibited/blocked by which is correct? Muscarinic and nicotinic receptor antagonist Alpha and Beta receptor antagonist Alpha and muscarinic receptor antagonist Beta and nicotinic receptor antagonistarrow_forwardn the space provided below, provide a list of 5 examples (EACH) of things that happen within the human body when the following two systems are activated: A) Parasympathetic System activated (5 examples) B) Sympathetic System activated (5 examples)arrow_forwardWhat type of action potential conduction is found in sympathetic preganglionic neurons? continuouns conduction saltatory coduction what type of action potential conduction is found in parasympathetic preganglionic neurons? continuouns conduction saltatory conduction please highlight the answersarrow_forward
- Sympathetic innervation can have pro- and anti- inflammatory effects. Which of the following statements does not support this suggestion relative to a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). O Mice lacking the beta2-adrenergic receptor were less susceptible to this experimental IBD Catecholamines acting on alpha2-adrenoreceptors led to proinflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) production worsening the IBD in mice Mice lacking the beta2-adrenergic receptor were more susceptible to this experimental IBDarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the sympathetic nervous system? i) Associated with stressful situations ii) Norepinephrine may be involved iii) Associated with voluntary responses i only O ii only Oi and ii only i and iii only O i, ii, and iiiarrow_forwardWhat role do the supporting cells play in neurotransmission ? Describe the role of at least two different types of Supporting cells. Are the supporting cells. as important as the neurons when it comes. to neural Communication ?arrow_forward
- What type of action potential conduction is found in sympathetic preganglionic neurons? continuouns conduction saltatory coduction what type of action potential conduction is found in parasympathetic preganglionic neurons? continuouns conduction saltatory conductionarrow_forwardThe blood vessel (marked by the white arrow) in this model Choose from the following: (A) is sensitive to levels of sodium ions in the plasma (B) is lined with endothelial cells known as 'granular cells' which release renin (C) demonstrates smooth muscle cells in its tunica media which release a hormone known as 'renin' (D) constricts in diameter in response to activation of sympathetic innervationarrow_forwardWhich activity decreases heart rate and force of contraction? sympathetic activation parasympathetic activation norepinephrine binding contractilityarrow_forward
- All the following regarding sympathetic nervous system are true except: * It is involved in stress & emergency conditions. It has a vasodilatory effect on skeletal muscle blood vessels during rest. All its preganglionic fibres are cholinergic. Its stimulation increases the cardiac properties. E O Its stimulation causes urine retention.arrow_forwardIn the parasympathetic nervous system, what neurotransmitter is released on the target organ? What sort of receptor detects the neurotransmitter? I was thinking the answer would be possibly acetylcholine as the first one and the second one maybe muscarinic? I am not 100% on these answers soo if you could add some information and tell me if that's right.arrow_forwardSelect all of the statements from the list below that are true. Within a single axon, an action potential is always of the same magnitude. (In other words, it always looks the same on a trace of the membrane potential.) All excitatory post-synaptic potentials trigger an action potential. Graded potentials are always hyperpolarizing. The action potential always moves in one direction along an axon. Integration of sensory information is a major function of the central nervous system. All axons in the body are myelinated.arrow_forward
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