Integrated Science
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862602
Author: Tillery, Bill W.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill,
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Chapter 16.1, Problem 1SC
To determine
The difference between the catastrophic frame of reference and the principle of uniformity.
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On July 13, 1986, the strongest earthquake known to strike San Diego County registered 5.4 on the Richter scale. It was centered off the coast of Oceanside on the Coronado Bank Fault. a) Determine the amount of energy released in ergs and b) Joules.
4) The Richter scale is used for measuring the magnitude of an
earthquake. The Richter magnitude R is given by the model
R = 0.67 log(0.37 E) + 1.46
Where E is the energy (in kilowatt-hours) released by the
earthquake.
An earthquake in Pakistan on June 8, 2007. released 132,372
kilowatt hours of energy, what was the earthquake's magnitude
(to the nearest tenth)?
a) 4.1
b) 4.3
d) 4.8
c) 4.6
8. The energy released đuring an earthquake can be calculated using the formula E(M) =(10'")“,
where E is the energy in kWh (kilowatt hours) and M is the magnitude of the carthquake.
a. The magnitude 9.5 earthquake in Southern Chile on May 22, 1960 is thought to be the
strongest earthquake that has ever occurred. Use the formula above to caleulate the energy
released during this earthquake. Express the answer in scientific notation, to the nearest tenth.
b. An earthquake of magnitude 3 may not be felt or noticed by most people. Calculate the
energy, to the nearest tenth, that is released during an earthquake of this strength. (
c. Compared to a magnitude 3 carthquake, how many times greater was the energy that was
released during the 1960 earthquake in Chile?
d. An earthquake that occurred in Central Canada in 2010 released approximately 30 000 000
kWh energy. Find the magnitude, to the nearest whole number, associated with this
carthquake.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Integrated Science
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 3SCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 5SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 6SCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 7SCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 8SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 9SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 10SC
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 11SCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 12SCCh. 16 - Prob. 1CQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CQCh. 16 - Prob. 4CQCh. 16 - Prob. 5CQCh. 16 - Prob. 6CQCh. 16 - Prob. 7CQCh. 16 - Prob. 8CQCh. 16 - Prob. 9CQCh. 16 - Prob. 10CQCh. 16 - Prob. 11CQCh. 16 - Prob. 12CQCh. 16 - Prob. 13CQCh. 16 - Prob. 14CQCh. 16 - Prob. 15CQCh. 16 - Prob. 16CQCh. 16 - Prob. 17CQCh. 16 - Prob. 18CQCh. 16 - Prob. 19CQCh. 16 - Prob. 20CQCh. 16 - Prob. 21CQCh. 16 - Prob. 22CQCh. 16 - Prob. 23CQCh. 16 - Prob. 24CQCh. 16 - Prob. 25CQCh. 16 - Prob. 26CQCh. 16 - Prob. 27CQCh. 16 - Prob. 28CQCh. 16 - Compare the energy released by a small atomic bomb...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PEACh. 16 - Prob. 3PEACh. 16 - Prob. 4PEACh. 16 - Prob. 5PEACh. 16 - Prob. 6PEACh. 16 - Prob. 7PEACh. 16 - Prob. 8PEACh. 16 - Prob. 9PEACh. 16 - Prob. 10PEACh. 16 - Prob. 1PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 4PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 6PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 8PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 9PEBCh. 16 - Prob. 10PEB
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- According to the infographic above a recent magnitude 7.7 Earthquake was recorded in Los Angeles 2016. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules))arrow_forwardA rift valley is evidence of which kind of plate boundary? A. convergent B. divergent C. transform D. uniform O A O B Ос O Darrow_forwardIf the Richter scale is altered so that it compares energy released instead of intensity, the definition of the scale becomes M2 - M1 = LOG31 (E2 / E1). a) If the magnitude of an earthquake is increased by 1 on the scale, by what factor is the energy released multiplied? b) What is the magnitude of an earthquake that releases 200 times the energy of an earthquake with magnitude 4.5? c) How many times greater is the energy released from an earthquake with magnitude 9.0 than that of an earthquake with magnitude 6.5?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is most responsible for the formation of new crust ar the edge of a tectonic plate? A. mountain building at a continent-continent convergent boundary B. magma rising up from the mantle at a divergent boundary С. two tectonic plates sliding past one another at a transform boundary D. subduction of one oceanic plate under another at a convergent boundaryarrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above a recent magnitude 3.8 Earthquake was recorded in San Diego 2021. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)). c) Using the earthquake magnitude scale below to qualitatively categorize (was it Minor, Light, Moderate, Strong, Major or Great) and describe the earthquake (what kind of damage is expected from a magnitude 3.8 earthquake).arrow_forwardEarth's surface area is 5.10x10^8 km^2 .Earth's crust has a thickness (or depth) of 35 km and density 2.8 g/cm^3 for earth's crust. d) Silicon's concentration in earth's crust is 2.72x105grams/ton. Calculate the mass of silicon (in grams) present in earth's crust.arrow_forward
- 4. An important question to consider when thinking about global warming is, "If the ice sheets near the poles melt, how much will the sea level rise?" This seems like a difficult question, given the odd shapes of both the ice sheets and the oceans. But there are some accurate approximations that allow the answer to be estimated fairly accurately with reasonably simple calculations. The crucial idea is that both the thickness of the ice sheets and the amount of sea level rise are extremely small compared to the radius of the Earth. The radius of the Earth is about 6 × 106 m-more than 6000 miles; by comparison, the ice sheet thicknesses we'll be concerned with are single-digit miles, and the sea level rises will be in dozens of feet. As a result, we can essentially ignore the curvature of the Earth when answering this question. We can imagine peeling the map of the earth off a globe and flattening it out (by making cuts, not by stretching so that we preserve the area). Then, both the ice…arrow_forwardOn August 17, 1983, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.3 in the Richter scale hit the province of llocos Norte. This was the most sever earthquake in North-western Luzon in 52 years and probably the second largest earthquake to hit Laoag City and its immediate vicinity in historical times (Source: philvocs.dost.gov.ph). How much energy was released by the earthquake? 8.51 x 107 joules 2.24 x 1012 joules 2.42 x 1012 joules 8.15 x 10' joulesarrow_forwardThe average elevation of Arabian peninsula (freeboard) is f=400 m. Considering that the oceanic crust is h=5 km of thickness and the sea average depth is D= 3700 m. (pc=2700 kg/m3, po=3000 kg/m3, pm=3300 kg/m3 pw=1000 kg/m3) What is the thickness H of the continental crust. B. If the Musandam has an average elevation of 800 m. How much is the thickness below Musandam considering stacking of sedimentary layers and not erosion.arrow_forward
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