Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The resonance structures for the given Lewis formulas are to be written by curved arrows and the stabilities of two Lewis formulas are to be compared and the more stable structure, if any, is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Maximizing the number of bonds and obey the octet rule are the main factors that contribute to the stability of a resonance structure.
When two or more Lewis structure satisfy the octet rule, the structure which have the smallest charge separation is the major contributor.
Among all Lewis structural formulas that satisfy the octet rule, and in which one or more atoms bears the formal charge. The major contributor structure is one in which have the negative charge on the most electronegative atom.
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Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
- In the Lewis structure for chloromethane, the chlorine atom is sharing _____ electron pair and “owns” _____ of those electrons. Also, the chlorine atom possesses two electrons from each of _____ unshared pairs. The total number of electrons that belong to chlorine is 7 . Chlorine is a Group ____ element. The formal charge on chlorine in chloromethane is ____.arrow_forward. Predicting Chemical Products Directions: The following pairs of atoms form ionic or covalent compounds when bonded. Complete the table below with the needed details. Two answered rows serve as examples. Atoms involved Na, Cl C, I Mg, Cl Ca, F Na, O Ca, N S, CI Type of Bond ionic Lewis dot symbol of each atom Na covalent ·C· ·CI: .. Charge of each ion after electron transfer if ionic bond is formed Na+ CI I Not applicable Lewis dot symbol of each ion if ionic bond is formed Na+ C Not applicable Formula of the Product NaCl Cl4arrow_forwardDeciding whether a Lewis structure satisfies the octet rule Decide whether these proposed Lewis structures are reasonable. proposed Lewis structure Is the proposed Lewis structure reasonable? O Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. :0- -0: The correct number is:| .. No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is:| No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* * If two or more atoms of the same element don't satisfy the octet rule, just enter the chemical symbol as many times as necessary. For example, if two oxygen atoms don't satisfy the…arrow_forward
- Which of the following Lewis dot structures is a valid Lewis structure? H +YF H H-P None of these : Si= CI are H- H. plausible/valid. H. :F: Harrow_forwardWhat is the structural diagram of CH2ClF without lone pairs? Also what is its Electronegativity bond after you subtract the smaller from the greater value along with its bond type, total lone pairs of electrons and total bonding pairs of electrons? Lastly, is it polar or non polar (polar molecularity) ?arrow_forwardWriting Lewis Structures Many Lewis structures can be drawn by inspection but a system helps to draw the more complex ones. One approach is too : 1. Draw a skeleton of the major (non-hydrogen) atoms with single bonds ( lines) between each one. Several general considerations will help produce a valid skeletal diagram. normal covalency number or number of bonds that each atom forms. Consider the For the major atoms these are : Element Bond(s) HYDROGEN 1 BORON 3 ALUMINUM 3 CARBON | 4 NITROGEN 3 OXYGEN 2 HALOGENS 1 Also note that hydrogen, boron, aluminum and the halogens seldom form multiple bond.arrow_forward
- To draw a Lewis Structure, start with the atomic symbol in the middle, then put dots around the symbol until all of the valence electrons are represented. Try to envision a box around the atom symbol, and the electrons on each side of the box. The valence electrons should be drawn around the element symbol one on each side before pairing the electrons up. The maximum number of electrons that could be on one side of a Lewis Structure is two, and the maximum number of electrons around an element symbol is eight. To figure out how many valence electrons each element has, use the Periodic Table. Remember, the number of valance electrons for Group A elements is equal to the Group A number the element is in on the Periodic Table. Use the data you collected in Table 1 to a draw Lewis structure model to show the formation of any one of the compounds you assembled, then explain the model you drew. Remember, you should be explaining and supporting your answers by referencing and citing the…arrow_forwardTo draw a Lewis Structure, start with the atomic symbol in the middle, then put dots around the symbol until all of the valence electrons are represented. Try to envision a box around the atom symbol, and the electrons on each side of the box. The valence electrons should be drawn around the element symbol one on each side before pairing the electrons up. The maximum number of electrons that could be on one side of a Lewis Structure is two, and the maximum number of electrons around an element symbol is eight. To figure out how many valence electrons each element has, use the Periodic Table. Remember, the number of valance electrons for Group A elements is equal to the Group A number the element is in on the Periodic Table. Use the data you collected in Table 1 to a draw Lewis structure model to show the formation of any one of the compounds you assembled, then explain the model you drew. Remember, you should be explaining and supporting your answers by referencing and citing the…arrow_forwardWhich of these best descibe formal charge? Select all that apply. The difference between the number of electrons around an atom in the free state and the number of electrons assigned to the atom in the Lewis structure an atom in a chemical compound. O The formal charge of each atom is calculated by subtracting the number of valence electrons in the neutral atomfrom the number of electrons assigned to the atom. O Can be used to help determine the most reasonable distribution of electrons in a molecule or ion. O The charge that an atom in a molecule or ion would have if all atoms had the same electronegativity.arrow_forward
- Draw three resonance structures for CS,. This species has its three atoms bonded sequentially in the following fashion: S-C-S. Draw your resonance structures so that the atoms in them are bonded together in this order. Select the most important resonance structure for this species based on the formal charges on the atoms of the three resonance structures you have drawn. Select the choices from below which make the statements true about this (most important) resonance structure. (a) The leftmost bond (between S and C) is a single v bond. (b) The rightmost bond (between C and S) is a single v bond. (c) The formal charge on the leftmost (S) atom is -Select-v (d) The formal charge on the central (C) atom is -Select---v (e) The formal charge on the rightmost (S) atom is Select-v (f) The number of nonbonding pairs (lone pairs) of electrons in the leftmost (S) atom is Select-v pairs. (g) The number of nonbonding (lone) pairs of electrons in the rightmost (S) atom is -Select-- v pairs.arrow_forwardDecide whether these proposed Lewis structures are reasonable. proposed Lewis structure :Z: : 0: : 0: :0 N=N 0=C=0 : 0: ] - C. — : 0: 0: Is the proposed Lewis structure reasonable? Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* 0 Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are: * * If two or more atoms of the same element don't satisfy the octet rule, just enter the chemical symbol as many times as necessary. For example, if two oxygen atoms don't satisfy the octet rule, enter "0,0". Śarrow_forward3) Two new compounds are discovered, compounds GM, by scientists in the VSS jungle. The properties of the newly discovered compound GM, are listed below. Hint: all atoms in this compound obey the octet rule! Compound ER,M, # Valence Electrons G has 4 valence electrons M has 6 valence electrons Electronegativity (EN') values G = 2.1 M = 3.0 a) Complete the table below for compound ER,M,. Compound Lewis Dot Diagram AXE Molecular Polar (P) or Nonpolar (N) Molecule? Formula (VSEPR) Shape name and drawing GM, You are hired as the lead scientist in charge of investigating the compound: GM,. Use your answers from part a) to answer the following questions. b) The molecule has sigma bonds and pi bonds. c) Hybridization name for central atom (G): d) Draw the hybridized energy level diagram for the central atom in the space below.arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning