Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course List)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337395083
Author: Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. Daves
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 17, Problem 1P
Summary Introduction
To determine: The value of the levered firm.
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An unlevered firm has a value of $500 million. An otherwise identical butlevered firm has $50 million in debt. Under the MM zero-tax model, whatis the value of the levered firm?
Please show your work for the following
Suppose that your firm's current unlevered value, V*, is $800,000, and its marginal corporate tax rate is 21 percent. Also, you model the firm's PV of financial distress as a function of its debt level according to the relation: PV of financial distress = 800,000 × (D/V*)2. What is the firm's levered value if it issues $200,000 of perpetual debt to buy back stock?
Multiple Choice
A) $920,000.
B) $869,555.
C) $792,000.
D) $350,000.
1. An unlevered firm has a value of R600 million. An otherwise identical but levered
firm has R240 million in debt. Under the Miller model, what is the value of the levered
firm if the corporate tax rate is 34%, the personal tax rate on equity is 10%, and the
personal tax rate on debt is 35%?
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Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course List)
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- What happens to ROE for Firm U and Firm L if EBIT falls to $1,600? What happens if EBIT falls to $1,200? What is the after-tax cost of debt? What does this imply about the impact of leverage on risk and return?arrow_forwardAccording to theory, the value of a firm is maximized by: Issuing no debt Issuing the maximum amount of debt absorbed by the market place Increasing debt until the marginal tax benefit of debt is offset by distress costs Keeping the debt equity mix at 50/50arrow_forward(c) Consider the case of two firms, ABC which is an unlevered firm and XYZ which is a levered firm. The firms have target debt-to-equity ratio (B/S) = 1, and both firms have exactly the same perpetual net operating income of Kshs.12 million before taxes. The before-tax cost of debt, kp, is the same as the risk-free rate and the corporate tax rate is 30%. Given the following market parameters: E(Rm) = 0.12, Rf = 6%. Вавс — 1, Bxyz = 1.5 (i). Find the cost of capital of each firm. (ii). Find the value of each firm.arrow_forward
- In a world with corporate taxes but no possibility of financial distress, the value of the firm is maximized when the: Firm uses the maximum amount of debt in its capital structure. Firm uses a debt-equity ratio of 1.0. Firm uses no debt in its capital structure. Corporate tax rate approaches 100%.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would reduce a firm's WACC after tax? a. A firm invests in an average-risk project using equity, rather than debt financing. b. A supermarket chain decides to establish hardware stores which increases its systematic risk. c. A firm issues shares and uses the proceeds to pay off a bank loan. d. A firm issues bonds and uses the proceeds to repurchase stock. e. A firm significantly improves its operating cost control to boost profits.arrow_forwardTaking the corporate taxes into account, if there is no possibility of financial distress, a firm can maximize its market value when the: firm uses a debt-equity ratio of 1.0. firm uses the maximum amount of debt in its capital structure. firm uses no debt in its capital structure. corporate tax rate approaches 100%.arrow_forward
- Assume that there is corporate tax, but no other frictions. Based on the propositions of Modigliani and Miller, which statement is the least accurate? Oa. The weighted cost of capital decreases as the leverage ratio increases. D. The cost of debt increases as the leverage ratio increases. C. Firm value increases as the firm takes on more debts. d. The cost of equity increases as the leverage ratio increases. O e. The optimal structure is 100% debt.arrow_forwardIf you take corporate taxes and the cost of financial distress are into consideration, the market value of a firm should equal the value of the all-equity firm the present value of the tax shield the costs of financial distress. O plus; plus O plus; minus O minus; minus O minus; plusarrow_forwardThe weighted average cost of capital for a firm: O is equivalent to the after-tax cost of the firm's outstanding debt. O is a weighted average between the cost of equity and the (after-tax) cost of debt. O is unaffected when there is any change in the corporate tax rate. O remains constant when the firm's capital structure changes.arrow_forward
- Assuming that there is an unlevered firm and a levered firm. The basic information is given by the following table. Table1: Information of the firms Unlevered firm Levered firm EBIT 20000 20000 Interest Taxable income Tax (tax rate: 34%) Net income CFFA Assuming that: The size of the debt is 8000; cost of debt =8%; unlevered cost of capital =10%; systematic risk of the asset is 1.5 Fill in the blanks What is the present value of the tax shield? Calculate the following values:a) Calculate value of unlevered firm; b) value of the levered firm; c) equity value; d) Cost of equity; e) cost of capital; f) systematic risk of the equity Suppose that the firm changes its capital structure so that the debt-to-equity ratio is 1.6, then recalculate the systematic risk of the equity If the firm now has the following project: in year 0, the cashflow is 5000, in year 1, the cashflow is -5500. Based on the IRR rule,…arrow_forwardHow would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true. rd (1-t) rs WACC 4) The dividend payout ratio is increased. 5) The firm expands into a risky new area. 6) Investors become more risk-averse. 7) The firm is an electric utility with a large investment innuclear plants. Several states are considering a ban on nuclear power generation.arrow_forwardHow would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true. 1) The corporate tax rate is lowered. 2) The Federal Reserve tightens credit. 3) The firm uses more debt; that is, it increases its debt ratioarrow_forward
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