Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17.6, Problem 1COMQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Certain abnormalities in the expression of ncRNA (non- coding RNAs) produce diseases. ncRNA regulates the process of transcription through chromatin modifications, mRNA (messenger RNA) translation and functions of proteins. Due to overexpression and undue expression of certain ncRNA, diseases are likely to procure. Such abnormalities in the expression of ncRNA is a result of mutation of epigenetic effects that alter the gene expression of ncRNA encoding genes.
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When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, ita. contains binding sites for many different proteins, therebypromoting the formation of a large complex.b. recognizes other ncRNAs and sequesters them, therebypreventing them from working.c. can alter its conformation, allowing it to switch betweenactive and inactivate conformations.d. may physically prevent or block a cellular process fromhappening.
Alternative RNA splicing
a. is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription.
b. can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a gene.
C. can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAS.
d. increases the rate of transcription.
e. is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNAs.
List five types of cancer in which ncRNAs can be involved.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 17.1 - Which of the following can bind to ncRNAs? a. DNA...Ch. 17.1 - 2. When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it
a....Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 17.2 - 1. Which of the following functions does HOTAIR...Ch. 17.3 - 1. The process of RNA interference may lead to
a....Ch. 17.3 - 2. In catalyzing the methylation or...Ch. 17.4 - 1. Which of the following is a function of SRP?...Ch. 17.5 - 1. Which of the following components are needed...Ch. 17.5 - 2. In the CRISPR-Cas system, what does the...Ch. 17.5 - Which of the following is a function of the...
Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 17.6 - Let's suppose that the overexpression of a...Ch. 17 - 1. List and briefly describe four types of...Ch. 17 - 2. An ncRNA may have the following functions:...Ch. 17 - 3. What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe...Ch. 17 - Explain how HOTAIR plays a role in the...Ch. 17 - What is the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi)?...Ch. 17 - With regard to RNAi, what are three possible...Ch. 17 - 7. What is the difference between an miRNA and an...Ch. 17 - Together with a specific set of proteins, snoRNAs...Ch. 17 - Describe the structure of SRP in eukaryotes, and...Ch. 17 - Look at Figure 17.6 and predict what would happen...Ch. 17 - Compare and contrast the roles of crRNA and...Ch. 17 - In the CRISPR-Cas system, does the tracrRNA act as...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 17 - Outline the steps that occur when piRISCs silence...Ch. 17 - List five types of cancer in which ncRNAs can be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 17 - A protein called trypsin, which plays a role in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2EQCh. 17 - Prob. 3EQCh. 17 - As described in Chapter 21, the CRISPR-Cas system...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5EQCh. 17 - Prob. 6EQCh. 17 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 17 - Go to the PubMed website and do a search using the...
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- Unusually high levels of Mdr1 provide stem cells with a. Nutrients needed b. Protection of their genomes from mutagenic agents c. Apoptotic factors d. Ability to differentiatearrow_forwardDifferential RNA splicing may result in: a. A shift in the ratio of mRNA produced from two neighboring genes b. Inversion of exons in the mature mRNA c. Production of the same protein from two different genes d. Production of two different proteins with different properties from a single genearrow_forwardConsider the genes that specify the structure of hemoglobin. Arrange the following events in the most likely sequence in which they would take place.a. Anemia is observed.b. The shape of the oxygen-binding site is altered.c. An incorrect codon is transcribed into hemoglobinmRNA.d. The ovum (female gamete) receives a high radiationdose.e. An incorrect codon is generated in the DNA of ahemoglobin gene.f. A mother (an X-ray technician) accidentally stepsin front of an operating X-ray generator.g. A child dies.h. The oxygen-transport capacity of the body is severelyimpaired.i. The tRNA anticodon that lines up is one of a typethat brings an unsuitable amino acid.j. Nucleotide-pair substitution occurs in the DNA of agene for hemoglobinarrow_forward
- How does reverse methylation affect gene expression? Select one: o a. The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product. b. The gene becomes transcriptionally silent. c. There is no effect on the gene. d. The gene is hyperactive resulting in a gain of function. e. The gene expresses the wrong protein. Clear my choice How do microRNAs regulate epigenetic mechanisms during development? Select one: o a. MicroRNAs function as gene repressors b. You only find microRNAS in epigenetic and cancer cells c. MicroRNAs function as gene activators d. MicroRNAS regulate methylation on the DNA sequences of embryos e. Researchers find that when microRNAs are present the effects of epigenetic modifications are 50% greater Clear my choicearrow_forward1. Transcription: a)State the role of RNA polymerase in gene transcription.b. Explain why the DNA is not used directly for protein translation (i.e., why is mRNA used instead?).c. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter region is open for RNA polymerase binding.d. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter regions is blocked from binding RNA polymerase.e. Explain how two cells, such as liver cells and skin cells, can become specialized in structure and function despite containing the same genome.arrow_forwardAfter treating cells in tissue culture with an HDAC inhibitor, which of the following is the most likely outcome? A. Repression of transcription B. Promoter methylation C. Enhanced splicing D. Activation of transcription E. Depends on the cell typearrow_forward
- Distant regulatory sites are called: a. Enhancers b. Operators c. Both a and b d. None of the abovearrow_forwardThe effects of transposons can includeA. disruption of gene expression.B. prevention of gene expression.C. occurrence of inversions.D. occurrence of deletions.E. all of the abovearrow_forwardAlternative splicing a. increases the number of proteins made from one gene b. increases the number of primary transcripts made from one gene c. increases the number of exons d. increases the number of intronsarrow_forward
- Provide the SIGNIFICANT differences between the following: 1. Regulation AFTER transcription mRNA processing miRNAs a. b. 2. Types of Genes Facultative Constitutive a. b.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of CpG islands? a. They are methylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. b. They are unmethylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. c. Acetylation of CpG islands leads to repression of transcription. d. CpG islands code for RNA molecules that activate transcription.arrow_forwardChanges in a cell that affect micro RNAs lead to cancer because miRNAs... a. help a cell to maintain a tight control on protein levels in a cell. b. decrease the level of a specific protein. c. increase the level of a specific protein. d. prevent the Warburg effect.arrow_forward
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