Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 19.1, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The information transplantation experiments provide about the fate of cells and the influence of environment, which affects the determination in early and late embryos.
Introduction:
In the course of development, an undifferentiated cell mass becomes a part of a particular type of tissue. This phenomenon is called cell fate. When the embryo develops, cell fate determination occurs. Determining the timing of fate, varies with the organism. Transplanting of cells from one embryo also called donor embryo to a different region of another embryo called recipient will reveal the time of determination of the cell fate if it happens at all.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- What are morphogens? Explain how they influence tissue patterning during embryonic development. Describe TWO specific examples to support your explanation.arrow_forwardWhat statement best describes the difference between "fate maps" and "specification"? If cells are transplanted from their normal region in an embryo to a different region in a recipient embryo, such cells will alter their fate, but not their specification. Cell fate map describes the allocation of cells to the germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm, whereas specification describes the exact tissues that each cell will ultimately become. The fate map of an embryo does not change during development -- the fate map of an egg is the same as the fate map of a late blastula -- whereas the specification map of an embryo changes continually as the embryo's development proceeds. The fate map of a cell is determined by labelling that cell and following it during normal development, whereas the specification state of a cell is determined by culturing a cell in an artificial medium and observing what tissues form from it.arrow_forwardA classical experiment studying the fate determination of stem cells in the developing embryo uses the transplantation of somites from one organism to another. In such an experiment, a scientist transplanted somites 20, 21, and 22 from the right side of the neural tube from five-day-old developing quail embryos into chick embryos. The transplantation was performed in two orientations so that the order of the somites was sometimes reversed. Use the passage to answer the question. Central self-tolerance in the immune system arises when maturing T cells in the thymus undergo apoptosis when they bind to self-antigens. Based on this information, what would MOST likely occur as the chick immune system develops? A. T cells would recognize transplanted quail somites as foreign and rapidly divide. B. T cells would recognize transplanted quail somites as foreign and undergo apoptosis. C. T cells would recognize transplanted quail somites as self and rapidly divide.…arrow_forward
- A classical experiment studying the fate determination of stem cells in the developing embryo uses the transplantation of somites from one organism to another. In such an experiment, a scientist transplanted somites 20, 21, and 22 from the right side of the neural tube from five-day-old developing quail embryos into chick embryos. The transplantation was performed in two orientations so that the order of the somites was sometimes reversed. Use the passage to answer the question. Suppose that somite stem cells commit to their cell fates by three days post fertilization. Which result would be MOST likely in the chick embryos receiving somites transplanted in the reverse order? A. The organs arising from quail somites develop in a normal order because local signaling molecules appropriately pattern the developing organs. B. The organs arising from quail somites develop in a normal order because transcriptional programs activated in the nucleus cannot be reversed.…arrow_forwardA classical experiment studying the fate determination of stem cells in the developing embryo uses the transplantation of somites from one organism to another. In such an experiment, a scientist transplanted somites 20, 21, and 22 from the right side of the neural tube from five-day-old developing quail embryos into chick embryos. The transplantation was performed in two orientations so that the order of the somites was sometimes reversed. Use the passage to answer the question. Observations of the developing chick embryo reveal that skeletal muscles develop from the transplanted somites even though motor neurons innervating those muscles arise from chick neural crest cells. Based on these observations, what is MOST likely true? A. Neural crest cells differentiate into somites. B. Neural crest cells fuse with developing somite cells. C. Neural crest cells develop from migrating somite cells. D. Neural crest cells send projections into developing…arrow_forwardA classical experiment studying the fate determination of stem cells in the developing embryo uses the transplantation of somites from one organism to another. In such an experiment, a scientist transplanted somites 20, 21, and 22 from the right side of the neural tube from five-day-old developing quail embryos into chick embryos. The transplantation was performed in two orientations so that the order of the somites was sometimes reversed. Use the passage to answer the question. As the somite cells develop into muscles, regular depolarizations in the muscles are required for the brain to properly form circuits with developing organs. Based on this observation, which prediction is MOST likely true? A. The muscles release neurotransmitters to stimulate the innervating neurons. B. The innervating neurons release neurotransmitters to stimulate the muscles. C. The muscles release hormones to stimulate the innervating neurons. D. The innervating neurons…arrow_forward
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