Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 19.13, Problem 18P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
A mechanism has to be proposed from glutamate in two steps using ATP and ammonia.
Concept introduction:
Transamination: The reaction that transfers amino group into
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Diazepam is converted in vivo to an active metabolite Oxazepam. By using chemical equations show metabolic transformation of diazepam to oxazepam. Provide name of enzymes involved in these reactions.
Please draw by hand. Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The enzyme's catalytic groups are Glu 165 and His 95. In the first step of the reaction, these catalytic groups function as a base and an acid catalyst, respectively. Propose a mechanism for the reaction.
ОН
2-03Р0
ОН
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
triosephosphate isomerase
2-03РО.
H
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
FYI Glu is glutamic acid and his is histadine
The first step in the catabolism of most amino acids is the removal of the nitrogen atom by transfer to an a-keto acid, a reaction
catalyzed by an enzyme called a transaminase. The a-keto acid acceptor is often a-ketoglutarate. Modify the structures in the
product to show the products of the transamination of cysteine. Be sure to show functional groups with the charge and number of
attached hydrogen atoms appropriate for pH 7.4.
transaminase
+
O=C
H₂N-CH
+
CH₂
CH₂
CH₂
SH
Incorrect
H₂N
||
CH
|
CH₂
|
CH₂
I
||
O
||
n
|
CH₂
T
SH
Chapter 19 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 1PCh. 19.4 - How many molecules of NADH are formed from the...Ch. 19.4 - Why does the OH group add to the -carbon rather...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4PCh. 19.5 - Prob. 5PCh. 19.5 - The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 19.6 - Prob. 8PCh. 19.6 - Prob. 9PCh. 19.6 - Propose a mechanism for the reduction of...
Ch. 19.7 - Prob. 11PCh. 19.8 - Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 13PCh. 19.8 - Prob. 14PCh. 19.8 - Prob. 15PCh. 19.9 - Prob. 16PCh. 19.10 - a. What is the name of the enzyme that converts...Ch. 19.13 - Prob. 18PCh. 19 - Prob. 19PCh. 19 - Prob. 20PCh. 19 - Prob. 21PCh. 19 - Prob. 22PCh. 19 - Prob. 23PCh. 19 - Prob. 24PCh. 19 - Prob. 25PCh. 19 - Prob. 26PCh. 19 - Prob. 27PCh. 19 - Prob. 28PCh. 19 - Prob. 29PCh. 19 - Prob. 30PCh. 19 - Prob. 31PCh. 19 - Prob. 32PCh. 19 - Prob. 33PCh. 19 - Prob. 34PCh. 19 - Prob. 35PCh. 19 - Prob. 36PCh. 19 - Prob. 37PCh. 19 - Prob. 38PCh. 19 - Prob. 39PCh. 19 - Prob. 40PCh. 19 - Prob. 41PCh. 19 - Prob. 42PCh. 19 - Prob. 43PCh. 19 - Prob. 44PCh. 19 - UDP-galactose-4-epimerase converts UDP-galactose...Ch. 19 - A student is trying to determine the mechanism for...Ch. 19 - What would be the results of the experiment in...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Both norepinephrine and epinephrine are synthesized from the same protein-derived amino acid. From which amino acid are they synthesized? What types of reactions are involved in their biosynthesis?arrow_forwardThe overall adenylate kinase reaction (2 ADP = AMP + ATP) is a combination of 3 reactions: ATP hydrolysis, pyrophosphate hydrolysis, and ATP formation. Show each step and provide the standard free energy (ΔG°′) for each and the overall reaction. If the adenylate kinase reaction is at equilibrium and intracellular [ATP] = 5 mM and [ADP] = 0.5 mM, calculate the concentration of AMP at pH 7 and 25 °C. Show all work. ATP (ADP+P) = -30.5 kj/mol; ATP (AMP+PP) = -45.6 kj/mol; PP = -19.2 kj/molarrow_forwardCyclic-AMP, first isolated in 1959, is involved in many diverse biological processes as a regulator of metabolic and physiological activity. In it, a single phosphate group is esterified with both the 3' and 5' hydroxyls of adenosine. Draw a structural formula of cyclic-AMP.arrow_forward
- From which amino acid are serotonin and melatonin synthesized? What types of reac- tions are involved in their biosynthesis? HO, CH,CH,NH, CH,O, CH,CH,NHCCH, (a) (b) H Serotonin Melatoninarrow_forwardIf an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a high rate at low pH and low rate at higher pH, this implies that a group on either the enzyme or the substrate must be for an efficient reaction. leaving group oxidoreductase coenzymes O protonated deprotonated The compound that consists of deoxyribose linked by an N-glycosidic bond to N-9 of guanine is: adenylate deoxyguanosine guanosine nucleotide guanylatearrow_forwardNeostigmine is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The enzyme attempts to catalyse the same reaction on neostigmine as it does with acetylcholine. However, a stable intermediate is formed which prevents completion of the process and which results in a molecule being covalently linked to the active site. Identify (draw) the stable intermediate and explain why it is stable.arrow_forward
- The vitamin Niacin is used to form nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide, which readily shuttles between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms. The latter serves as a cellular equivalent to NaBH4. The essential portions of the structures are shown below. Outline a mechanism for the cellular conversion of pyruvate to lactate. (Note: like NaBH4, NADH cannot reduce carboxylic acid carbonyls).arrow_forwardBacteria that live in the large intestine metabolize glycocholic acid using amidases and hydroxylases. (a) Draw the reaction product. (b) Compare the solubility of the product and glycocholic acid. (c) Could the change in the bile acid’s solubility make it less toxic to bacteria?arrow_forwardTriosephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The enzyme’s catalytic groups are Glu 165 and His 95. In the first step of the reaction, these catalytic groups function as a general-base and a general-acid catalyst, respectively. Propose a mechanism for the reaction.arrow_forward
- 10. Enumerate the PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) and indicate the position of unsaturation? 11. Enumerate the derivatives of steroids and their functions. 12. Compare and contrast the functions lipoproteins. 13. Circle the fatty acid in each pair that has the higher melting temperature. (a) 18:1Δ9 18:2 Δ 9,12 (b) 18:0 18:1 Δ 9 (c) 18:0 16:0 14. Describe the dependence of the melting point of a fatty acid upon (a) chain length and (b) unsaturation; (c) explain these dependencies in molecular terms.arrow_forwardIs Non- biologic DMARDs an endogenous substance? If yes, discuss its control of release , biosynthesis and metabolism .Discuss it's Mechanism of action ,the receptor types and physiological function through the specific receptors.arrow_forwardIn the body, during the citric acid cycle the following reaction occurs as the first part of an enzyme mediated process. но OH YYYYYY OH OH H₂O NaBH4 LiAlH4 H₂SO4 and heat K₂Cr2O7 HQ OH What reagent would be used to bring about this reaction in the laboratory? OH 3arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning