Pushing Electrons
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781133951889
Author: Weeks, Daniel P.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 18EQ
The cyclohexane carboxylate anion has a Lewis structure
Pushing a pair of unshared electrons away from the negatively charged oxygen atom and, at the same time, pushing a pair of pi electrons toward the other oxygen will generate a second resonance structure. Thus,
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- Draw Lewis structures for each of the following. Give the total number of valence electrons,
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diatomic
monatomic ions
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polar covalent
nonpolar & polar covalent
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A resonance hybrid is a structure that can be depicted by more than one valid Lewis structure.
part1: Draw the major resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
part2: Draw the second most important resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
part3: Draw the least important resonance contributor for fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized and should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Pushing Electrons
Ch. 2 - One Lewis structure for the 2-butenyl cation is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2EQCh. 2 - One structure for the conjugate acid of acetone...Ch. 2 - Similarly, a resonance structure for the conjugate...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5EQCh. 2 - Pairs of unshared electrons can be pushed. One...Ch. 2 - One structure for the acetoxonium ion is Clearly,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8EQCh. 2 - There are no important resonance structures for...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10EQ
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11EQCh. 2 - Prob. 12EQCh. 2 - Prob. 13EQCh. 2 - Prob. 14EQCh. 2 - Prob. 15EQCh. 2 - Prob. 16EQCh. 2 - Prob. 17EQCh. 2 - The cyclohexane carboxylate anion has a Lewis...Ch. 2 - One Lewis structure for the enolate anion of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 20EQCh. 2 - Prob. 21EQCh. 2 - Prob. 22EQCh. 2 - Prob. 23EQCh. 2 - Prob. 24EQCh. 2 - Prob. 25EQCh. 2 - Prob. 26EQCh. 2 - Prob. 27EQCh. 2 - Prob. 28EQ
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- One Lewis structure for the enolate anion of acetaldehyde is Pushing the pair of unshared electrons on the carbon atom away from the center of negative charge and pushing the pi electrons of the carbon-oxygen double bond to the oxygen atom generates a second resonance structure. Thus,arrow_forwardThe Lewis structure of acetone is Circling the carbonyl carbon, i.e., the carbon atom attached to oxygen, and its octet gives Circling the oxygen atom and its octet gives Thus, atoms share electrons in making bonds, and a pair of electrons may be included in the octet of two different atoms. When computing the formal charge on an atom, the number of electrons that belong to that atom is compared with the number of electrons the atom would have in the unbonded and neutral state. If the two numbers are the same, the formal charge on the atom is zero. In a Lewis structure both electrons in an unshared pair belong to the atom, and one of every pair of shared (bonding) electrons belongs to the atom.arrow_forwardA resonance hybrid is a structure that can be depicted by more than one valid Lewis structure. part1: Draw the major resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons. part2: Draw the second most important resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis dot structure of the conjugate base of cyclopentane by assuming all the atoms in the molecule obey the octet rule. Show all lone pairs and formal charges. Do no draw resonance structures.arrow_forwardPLEASE NOTE: This question has been answered, but DID NOT INCLUDE THE “DOTS” for the Lewis-dot structure. I'm needing someone to ADD THE “DOTS” and hand-draw, please. I am completely and totally lost with how to do these!!!! For the following molecules, provide ALL possible resonance structures. Calculate the formal charge for each atom in the molecule. Determine which structure is the major contributing structure for the resonance hybrid. Explain WHY it is preferred over the others. Remember your rules for setting up Lewis-dot structures. a) HCO2- b) SO3 c) Cl2CO d) OCN-arrow_forwardWhich of these atoms cannot serve as a central atom in a Lewis Structure? Sulfur, Helium, Fluorine, Hydrogen, Gallium Explain.arrow_forward
- In molecules of the type X-O-H, as the electronegativity of X increases, the acid strength increases. In addition, if the electronegativity of X is a very small value, the molecule acts as a base. Explain these observations and provide examples.arrow_forwardUnshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. The number of unshared pairs at atom a is 4 The number of unshared pairs at atom b is 2 H The number of unshared pairs at atom c is 3 The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is C-NEN а b H The number of unshared pairs at atom c is Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 8 more group attempts remainingarrow_forwardAnswer the questions in the table below about the shape of the phosphorus pentabromide (PBr,) molecule. How many electron groups are around the central phosphorus atom? Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond, one double bond, or one triple bond. What phrase best describes the arrangement of these electron groups around the central phosphorus atom? (You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.) (choose one) Ar Explanation Check © 2021 McGraw Hill LLC. AlI Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forward
- Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen form two different polyatomic ions: cyanate ion (NCO) and fulminate ion (CNO). Write Lewis structures for each anion, including near-equivalent resonance structures (do not add any arrows between structures) and indicating formal charges. The isocyanate ion also has two near-equivalent structures, but the formal charge on the nitrogen attom cannot be reduced to zero: Cyanate ion (NCO)arrow_forwardA compound composed of sulfur and fluorine has an empirical formula of SF. The structure of this compound has a formal charge of zero on all elements in the compound. Draw the Lewis structure for this substance. (Assign lone pairs and radical electrons where appropriate.)arrow_forwardProvide the Lewis structure and name of this moleculesarrow_forward
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