Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 2, Problem 2E
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The better Lewis structure for
Concept Introduction :
Rules for determining the best Lewis structure
- Smaller formal charges are preferred over larger formal charges
- Negative formal charges should reside on more electronegative atoms
- Like charges should not reside closer to each other.
Formal charge can be determined by following formula.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Whether the choice in part (a) is consistent with the experimental data should be discussed.
Concept Introduction :
Rules for determining the best Lewis structure:
- Smaller formal charges are preferred over larger formal charges
- Negative formal charges should reside on more electronegative atoms
- Like charges should not reside closer to each other.
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The attractive and repulsive forces in an atom are rather complex. An electron is attracted to the protons
in the nucleus, but it is also repelled by the other electrons in the atom. It is important to note however
that the attractive force of the nucleus is NOT divided up among the electrons in the atom. Each electron
gets approximately the full attractive force of the nucleus (minus the repulsive effects of other electrons).
Compare the diagram below to set D in Model 3. Notice the similarity in attractive force.
0.10 nm
0.10 nm
approx. 4.60 x 10-8
(on each electron)
Model 4 – Period 3 Elements
Aluminum
Chlorine
Sodium
What does it MEAN?
What do you WONDER?
What do you SEE?
Consider an oxygen atom contained in a neutral molecule, like those in Model 1. Give the name for the electrons around the oxygen that are not involved in a covalent bond.
What bond angle is formed when oxygen forms two single bonds? What shape is formed?
Which functional groups in Model 1 are polar?
When a carbon atom forms a double bond to an oxygen atom, it is called a carbonyl group. Which functional groups in Model 1 contain a carbonyl group?
17. a For the following species, draw two valid resonance structure(s). HINT: Draw in lone pairs.
H
Resonance Structure 1
Resonance Structure 2
b. Draw in arrows on the structures above to show how you got from the original resonance
structure to your structure.
c. Compare the resonance structures and rank all three structures (circle the appropriate
structure). Explain why on the line provided
#1(Original, RS 1, RS 2),
#2(Original, RS 1, RS 2),
# 3 (Original, RS 1, RS 2),
18. What type of bonds hold organic molecules together? How are they different than the bonds that
hold inorganic molecules together? Be specific, I want more than just names of bonds.
19. For the following molecule draw in all the dipole moments using 8+ and 8-.
:O:
H
20. BONUS Why can an sp³ hybridized carbon not form a double bond?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 2 - The valence shell of an atom in a legitimate Lewis...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 2 - It is impossible to draw a legitimate Lewis...Ch. 2 - Describe how to calculate the total number of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 10CTQ
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 12CTQCh. 2 - A complete Lewis structure must show all nonzero...Ch. 2 - Prob. 14CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 15CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 16CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 17CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 18CTQCh. 2 - Complete the rest of the table for N, O or X by...Ch. 2 - Prob. 20CTQCh. 2 - Prob. 21CTQCh. 2 - Make a checklist that can be used to determine if...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2ECh. 2 - Prob. 3ECh. 2 - Draw the Lewis structure of a neutral molecule...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5ECh. 2 - For each element, predict (and draw a Lewis...Ch. 2 - Predict which of the following species is least...Ch. 2 - The molecules BH3 and SF6 and the ion SO42 exist...Ch. 2 - These are NOTlegitimate Lewisstructures (and...Ch. 2 - Fill in missing formal charges where needed (all...Ch. 2 - Below each structure in the previous question is a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12ECh. 2 - Carbon monoxide (CO) is an example of an overall...Ch. 2 - Explain why this Lewis structure for CO is not as...Ch. 2 - Prob. 15ECh. 2 - Prob. 16ECh. 2 - Prob. 17ECh. 2 - Prob. 18ECh. 2 - Prob. 19E
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