Concept explainers
1.
Identify the type of lease involved for lessee and lessor and provide the reasons for such classification.
1.
Explanation of Solution
Lease: Lease is a contractual agreement whereby the right to use an asset for a particular period of time is provided by the owner of the asset to the user of the asset. The owner, who possesses the asset, is termed as ‘Lessor’ and user, to whom the right is transferred to, is termed as ‘Lessee’.
Capital leases: In capital lease all the ownership risks and responsibilities are transferred from the lessor to the lessee.
Direct Financing Lease: Under direct financing lease, the lessor considers the lease as a sale of the asset at fair value equal to the cost of the asset or its carrying value and records an accompanying receivable. Since there is no manufacture’s or dealer’s profit or loss, the lessor records the net amount at which the receivable must be equal to the cost of the asset or carrying value of the property.
Identify the type of lease involved for lessee and lessor:
Criteria | Met or not | Remarks |
1. Transfer of ownership at the end of lease | No | |
2. Bargain purchase option | No | |
3. Lease term is 75% or more | Not Known | |
4. Present value of lease payment is 90% or more of the fair value | Yes | 100% |
Recognition Criteria | ||
1. Collectivity assured | Yes | |
2. No Uncertainties | Yes |
Table (1)
Reason: From the above table, it is noted that, since one or more than one of the capitalization criteria and both the recognition criteria are met, the lease is a direct financing lease (absence of any dealer’s profit) for the Lessor Company and a capital lease for the Lessee Company.
Working note 1: Compute the present value of the lease payment.
2.
Prepare the
2.
Explanation of Solution
Journal: Journal is the method of recording monetary business transactions in chronological order. It records the debit and credit aspects of each transaction to abide by the double-entry system.
Rules of Debit and Credit: Following rules are followed for debiting and crediting different accounts while they occur in business transactions:
- Debit, all increase in assets, expenses and dividends, all decrease in liabilities, revenues and
stockholders’ equities . - Credit, all increase in liabilities, revenues, and stockholders’ equities, all decrease in assets, expenses.
Prepare the journal entries in the books of lessee and lessor for the years 2016 and 2017:
In the books of lessee:
Date | Accounts title and explanation | Post Ref. | Debit($) | Credit($) |
January 01, 2016 | Leased Equipment | 175,000.00 | ||
Capital Lease Obligation | 175,000.00 | |||
(To record the capital lease at inception) | ||||
January 01, 2016 | Capital Lease Obligation | 27,653.77 | ||
Cash | 27,653.77 | |||
(To record the capital lease payment) | ||||
During year | Insurance Expense: Capital Leases | 1,900.00 | ||
Property Tax Expense: Capital Leases | 1,300.00 | |||
Maintenance Expense: Capital Lease | 600.00 | |||
Cash | 3,800.00 | |||
(To record the payment of the executory costs ) | ||||
December 31,2016 | 17,500.00 | |||
| 17,500.00 | |||
(To record the depreciation expense) | ||||
December 31,2016 | Interest Expense | 17,681.55 | ||
Accrued Interest on Capital Lease Obligation | 17,681.55 | |||
(To record the interest expense) | ||||
January 01,2017 | Accrued Interest on Capital Lease Obligation | 17,681.55 | ||
Capital Lease Obligation | 9,972.22 | |||
Cash | 27,653.77 | |||
(To record the payment of accrued interest and capital lease) | ||||
During year | Insurance Expense: Capital Leases | 1,800.00 | ||
Property Tax Expense: Capital Leases | 1,200.00 | |||
Maintenance Expense: Capital Lease | 500.00 | |||
Cash | 3,500.00 | |||
(To record the payment of the executory costs ) | ||||
December 31,2017 | Depreciation Expense: Leased Equipment | 17,500.00 | ||
Accumulated Depreciation: Equipment | 17,500.00 | |||
(To record the depreciation expense) | ||||
December 31,2017 | Interest Expense | 16,484.88 | ||
Accrued Interest on CapitalLease Obligation | 16,484.88 | |||
(To record the interest expense) |
Table (2)
In the books of lessor:
Date | Accounts title and explanation | Post Ref. | Debit($) | Credit($) |
January 01,2016 | Equipment Leased to Others | 175,000.00 | ||
Cash | 175,000.00 | |||
(To record the payment of capital lease at inception) | ||||
January 01,2016 | Lease Receivable | 276,537.70 | ||
Equipment Leased to Others | 175,000.00 | |||
Unearned Interest: Leases | 101,537.70 | |||
(To record the lease receivable in a capital lease) | ||||
January 01,2016 | Cash | 27,653.77 | ||
Lease Receivable | 27,653.77 | |||
(To record the receipt lease payment) | ||||
December 31,2016 | Unearned Interest: Leases | 17,681.55 | ||
Interest Revenue: Leases | 17,681.55 | |||
(To recognize the interest revenue of the year) | ||||
January 01,2017 | Cash | 27,653.77 | ||
Lease Receivable | 27,653.77 | |||
(To record the receipt of lease payment of the year) | ||||
December 31,2017 | Unearned Interest: Leases | 16,484.88 | ||
Interest Revenue: Leases | 16,484.88 | |||
(To recognize the interest revenue of the year) |
Table (3)
Working note 2: Prepare the table regarding the lease payment received/required, interest revenue/expense and net investment.
Summary Table for 2016 and 2017 | |||
Lessee Company | |||
Lease payment required | Interest Expense | Balance of Lease Obligation | |
Lessor Company | |||
Date | Lease payment received | Interest Revenue | Net Investment |
January 01,2016 | $175,000.00 | ||
January 01,2016 | $27,653.77 | 0 | 147,346.23 |
December 31,2016 | $0.00 | $17,681.55 | 165,027.78 |
January 01,2017 | 27,653.77 | 0 | 137,374.01 |
December 31,2017 | 0 | 16,484.88 | 153,858.89 |
Table (4)
Notes to the above table:
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Intermediate Accounting: Reporting and Analysis
- Sales-Type Lease with Guaranteed Residual Value Calder Company, the lessor, enters into a lease with Darwin Company, the lessee, to provide heavy equipment beginning January 1, 2017. The lease is appropriately classified as a sales-type lease. The lease terms, provisions, and related events are as follows: The lease is noncancelable, has a term of 8 years, and has no renewal or bargain purchase option. The annual rentals are 65,000, payable at the end of each year. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 15%. Darwin agrees to pay all executory costs directly to a third party. The cost of the equipment is 280,000. The fair value of the equipment to Calder is 308,021.03. Calder incurs no material initial direct costs. Calder expects that it will be able to collect all lease payments. Calder estimates that the fair value at the end of the lease term will be 50,000 and that the economic life the equipment is 9 years. This residual value is guaranteed by Darwin. The following present value factors are relevant: PV of an ordinary annuity n = 8, i = 15% = 4.487322 PV n = 8, i = 15% = 0.326902 PV n = 1, i = 15% = 0.869565 Required: 1. Determine the proper classification of the lease. 2. Prepare a table summarizing the lease receipts and interest income earned by Calder for this lease. 3. Prepare journal entries for Calder for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. 4. Next Level Prepare partial balance sheets for December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2020, showing how the accounts should be reported. Use the present value of next years payment approach to classify the lease receivable as current and noncurrent. 5. Next Level Prepare partial balance sheets for December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2020, showing how the accounts should be reported. Use the change in present value approach to classify the lease receivable as current and noncurrent.arrow_forwardDetermining Type of Lease and Subsequent Accounting On January 1, 2019, Ballieu Company leases specialty equipment with an economic life of 8 years to Anderson Company. The lease contains the following terms and provisions: The lease is noncancelable and has a term of 8 years. The annual rentals arc 35,000, payable at the beginning of each year. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 14%. Anderson agrees to pay all executory costs directly to a third party and is given an option to buy the equipment for 1 at the end of the lease term, December 31, 2026. The cost of the equipment to the lessee is 150,000, and the fair value is approximately 185,100. Ballieu incurs no material initial direct costs. It is probable that Ballieu will collect the lease payments. Ballieu estimates that the fair value is expected to be significantly greater than 1 at the end of the lease term. Ballieu calculates that the present value on January 1, 2019, of 8 annual payments in advance of 35,000 discounted at 14% is 185,090.68 (the 1 purchase option is ignored as immaterial). Required: 1. Next Level Identify the classification of the lease transaction from Ballices point of view. Give the reasons for your classification. 2. Prepare all the journal entries tor Ballieu for the years 2019 and 2020. 3. Discuss the disclosure requirements for the lease transaction in Ballices notes to the financial statements.arrow_forwardLessee Accounting with Payments Made at Beginning of Year Adden Company signs a lease agreement dated January 1, 2019, that provides for it to lease non-specialized heavy equipment from Scott Rental Company beginning January 1, 2019. The lease terms, provisions, and related events are as follows: 1. The lease term is 4 years. The lease is noncancelable and requires annual rental payments of 20,000 to be paid in advance at the beginning of each year. 2. The cost, and also fair value, of the heavy equipment to Scott at the inception of the lease is 68,036.62. The equipment has an estimated life of 4 years and has a zero estimated residual value at the end of this time. 3. Adden agrees to pay all executory costs directly to a third party. 4. The lease contains no renewal or bargain purchase options. 5. Scotts interest rate implicit in the lease is 12%. Adden is aware of this rate, which is equal to its borrowing rate. 6. Adden uses the straight-line method to record depreciation on similar equipment. 7. Executory costs paid at the end of the year by Adden are: Required: 1. Next Level Determine what type of lease this is for Adden. 2. Prepare a table summarizing the lease payments and interest expense for Adden. 3. Prepare journal entries for Adden for the years 2019 and 2020.arrow_forward
- Lessee and Lessor Accounting Issues The following information is available for a noncancelable lease of equipment entered into on March 1, 2019. The lease is classified as a sales-type lease by the lessor (Anson Company) and as a finance lease by the lessee (Bullard Company). Assume that the lease payments are nude at the beginning of each month, interest and straight-line depreciation are recognized at the end of each month, and the residual value of the leased asset is zero at the end of a 3-year life. Required: 1. Record the lease (including the initial receipt of 2,000) and the receipt of the second and third installments of 2,000 in Ansons accounts. Carry computations to the nearest dollar. 2. Record the lease (including the initial payment of 2,000), the payment of the second and third installments of 2,000, and monthly depreciation in Bullards accounts. The lessee records the lease obligation at net present value. Carry computations to the nearest dollar.arrow_forwardComprehensive Landlord Company and Tenant Company enter into a noncancelable, direct financing lease on January 1, 2019, for nonspecialized equipment that cost the Landlord 280,000 (useful life is 6 years with no residual value). The fair value of the equipment is 300,000. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 14%. The 6-year lease requires 6 equal annual amounts payable each January 1, beginning with January 1, 2019. Tenant pays all executory costs directly to a third party on December 1 of each year. The equipment reverts to the lessor at the termination of the lease. Assume that there are no initial direct costs. Landlord expects to collect all rental payments. Required: 1. Next Level (a) Show how landlord should compute the annual rental amounts, (b) Discuss how the Tenant Company should compute the present value of the lease payments. What additional information would be required to make this computation? 2. Next Level Prepare a table summarizing the lease and interest receipts that would be suitable for Landlord. Under what conditions would this table be suitable for Tenant? 3. Assuming that the table prepared in Requirement 2 is suitable for both the lessee and the lessor, prepare the journal entries for both firms for the years 2019 and 2020. Use the straight-line depreciation method for the leased equipment. The executory costs paid by the lessee are in 2019: insurance, 700 and property taxes, 800; in 2020: insurance, 600 and property taxes, 750. 4. Next Level Show the items and amounts that would be reported on the comparative 2019 and 2020 income statements and ending balance sheets for both the lessor and the lessee, using the change in present value approach.arrow_forwardLessee Accounting Issues Timmer Company signs a lease agreement dated January 1, 2019, that provides for it to lease equipment from Landau Company beginning January 1, 2019. The lease terms, provisions, and related events are as follows: The lease is noncancelable and has a term of 5 years. The annual rentals are 83,222.92, payable at the end of each year, and provide Landau with a 12% annual rate of return on its net investment. Timmer agrees to pay all executory costs directly to a third party on December 1 of each year. In 2019, these were insurance, 3,760; property taxes, 5,440. In 2020: insurance, 3,100; property taxes, 5,330. There is no renewal or bargain purchase option. Timmer estimates that the equipment has a fair value of 300,000, an economic life of 5 years, and a zero residual value. Timmers incremental borrowing rate is 16%, it knows the rate implicit in the lease, and it uses the straightline method to record depreciation on similar equipment. Required: 1. Calculate the amount of the asset and liability of Timmer at the inception of the lease. (Round to the nearest dollar.) 2. Prepare a table summarizing the lease payments and interest expense. 3. Prepare journal entries on the books of Timmer for 2019 and 2020. 4. Next Level Prepare a partial balance sheet in regard to the lease for Timmer for December 31, 2019. Use the present value of next years payment approach to classify the finance lease obligation between current and noncurrent. 5. Next Level Prepare a partial balance sheet in regard to the lease for Timmer for December 31, 2019. Use the change in present value approach to classify the finance lease obligation between current and noncurrent.arrow_forward
- Lessor Accounting Issues Ramsey Company leases heavy equipment to Terrell Inc. on March 1, 2019, on the following terms: 1. Twenty-four lease rentals of 2,950 at the beginning of each month are to be paid by Terrell, and the lease is noncancelable. 2. The cost of the heavy equipment to Ramsey was 55,000. 3. Ramsey uses an implicit interest rate of 18% per year and will account for this lease as a sales-type lease. Required: Prepare journal entries for Ramsey (the lessor) to record the lease contract on March 1, 2019, the receipt of the first two lease rentals, and any interest income for March and April 2019. (Round your answers to the nearest dollar.)arrow_forwardUse the information in RE20-3. Prepare the journal entries that Richie Company (the lessor) would make in the first year of the lease assuming the lease is classified as a sales-type lease. Assume that the lessee is required to make payments on December 31 each year. Also assume that Richie had purchased the equipment at a cost of 200,000.arrow_forwardLessee Accounting Issues Sax Company signs a lease agreement dated January 1, 2019, that provides for it to lease computers from Appleton Company beginning January 1, 2019. The lease terms, provisions, and related events are as follows: 1. The lease term is 5 years. The lease is noncancelable and requires equal rental payments to be made at the end of each year. The computers are not specialized for Sax. 2. The computers have an estimated life of 5 years, a fair value of 300,000, and a zero estimated residual value. 3. Sax agrees to pay all executory costs directly to a third party. 4. The lease contains no renewal or bargain purchase options. 5. The annual payment is set by Appleton at 83,222.92 to earn a rate of return of 12% on its net investment. Sax is aware of this rate. Saxs incremental borrowing rate is 10%. 6. Sax uses the straight-line method to record depreciation on similar equipment. Required: 1. Next Level Examine and evaluate each capitalization criteria and determine what type of lease this is for Sax. 2. Calculate the amount of the asset and liability of Sax at the inception of the lease (round to the nearest dollar). 3. Prepare a table summarizing the lease payments and interest expense. 4. Prepare journal entries for Sax for the years 2019 and 2020.arrow_forward
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