1.
Prepare correct journal entries for Company S, if the errors are discovered before the books are closed, at the end of 2017.
1.
Explanation of Solution
Errors: The comparability and consistency of the financial statements decreases when a company records arithmetic mistakes, or errors. Such errors do require adjustments to make the financial information more reliable, and more relevant.
Debit and credit rules:
- Debit an increase in asset account, increase in expense account, decrease in liability account, and decrease in
stockholders’ equity accounts. - Credit decrease in asset account, increase in revenue account, increase in liability account, and increase in stockholders’ equity accounts.
Prepare correct journal entries for Company S, if the errors are discovered before the books are closed, at the end of 2017.
a.
Journal entry to correct the failure to record discount on note payable:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
Discount on Note Payable | 32,803 | |||||
Building | 32,803 | |||||
(Record discount on notes payable) |
Table (1)
Description:
- Discount on Note Payable is a contra-liability account to Notes Payable account. The contra-liability account increased, and an increase in contra-liability is debited.
- Building is an asset account. The asset value decreased due to discount, and a decrease in asset is credited.
Working Note 1:
Compute discount on note payable value.
Journal entry to correct the erroneous
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
1,093 | ||||||
Depreciation Expense–Building | 1,093 | |||||
(Record reduction in depreciation expense) |
Table (2)
Description:
- Accumulated Depreciation–Building is a contra-asset account. Since the depreciation expense was overstated by $1,093, the accumulated depreciation is also overstated. Hence, the contra-asset account is debited to decrease the expense value.
- Depreciation Expense is an expense account. Since the depreciation expense was overstated by $1,093, the expense account is credited to decrease the expense value.
Working Note 2:
Compute overstated (understated) depreciation expense value (Refer to Working Note 1 for value and computation of discount on note payable).
Journal entry to correct the failure to record interest expense:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
Interest Expense | 6,864 | |||||
Discount on Note Payable | 6,864 | |||||
(Record interest expense on notes payable) |
Table (3)
Description:
- Interest Expense is an expense account. Since expenses decrease equity, equity value is decreased, and a decrease in equity is debited.
- Discount on Note Payable is a contra-liability account to Notes Payable account. The discount is amortized, hence the contra-liability account value decreased, and a decrease in contra-liability is credited.
Working Note 3:
Compute interest expense.
b.
Journal entry to correct the 2016overstated inventory:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
35,000 | ||||||
Cost of Goods Sold | 35,000 | |||||
(Record reduction in overstated retained earnings) |
Table (4)
Description:
- Retained Earnings is an equity account. Since ending inventory in 2016was overstated, cost of goods sold of 2016 were understated, and hence, revenue is overstated in 2019. The retained earnings account is debited to decrease the overstated equity.
- Cost of Goods Sold is an equity account. Since cost of goods sold of 2017 wasoverstated, the expense account is credited to decrease the overstated equity.
Journal entry to correct the 2017 overstated inventory:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
Cost of Goods Sold | 15,000 | |||||
Inventory | 15,000 | |||||
(Record reduction in overstated inventory and increase in understated cost of goods sold) |
Table (5)
Description:
- Cost of Goods Sold is an equity account. Since ending inventory in 2017 was overstated, cost of goods sold of 2017 were understated. The expense account is debited to increase the understated equity.
- Inventory is an asset account. Since ending inventory in 2017 was overstated, the value of assets increased. The asset account is credited to decrease the overstated asset account.
c.
Journal entry to correct the 2016 failure to accrue salaries and wages:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
Retained Earnings | 18,000 | |||||
Salaries and Wages Expense | 18,000 | |||||
(Record reduction in overstated retained earnings) |
Table (6)
Description:
- Retained Earnings is an equity account. Since accrued wages were not recorded and wages expense was not included in the computation of net income, the net income of 2016 was overstated. Hence, the equity account is debited to decrease the overstated value.
- Salaries and Wages Expense is an equity account. Since salaries and wages expense of $18,000 which belong to 2016 were recorded in 2017, the expenses of 2017 was overstated. The expense account is credited to decrease the overstated equity.
Journal entry to correct the 2017 failure to accrue salaries and wages:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
Salaries and Wages Expense | 10,000 | |||||
Salaries and Wages Payable | 10,000 | |||||
(Record accrued salaries and wages expense) |
Table (7)
Description:
- Salaries and Wages Expense is an expense account. Since expenses decrease equity, equity value is decreased, and a decrease in equity is debited.
- Salaries and Wages Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay salaries and wages expense has increased, liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
2.
Prepare correct journal entries for Company S, if the errors are discovered after the books are closed, at the end of 2017.
2.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare correct journal entries for Company S, if the errors are discovered after the books are closed, at the end of 2017.
a.
Journal entry to correct the failure to record discount on note payable, accumulated depreciation, and interest expense (Refer to Requirement 1-(a) for all the computations):
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
Discount on Note Payable | 25,939 | |||||
Accumulated Depreciation–Building | 1,093 | |||||
Retained Earnings | 5,771 | |||||
Building | 32,803 | |||||
(Record discount on notes payable, accumulated depreciation) |
Table (8)
Description:
- Discount on Note Payable is a contra-liability account to Notes Payable account. The contra-liability account increased, and an increase in contra-liability is debited with the total of discount of $32,803, less discount of $6,864 amortized in 2020.
- Accumulated Depreciation–Building is a contra-asset account. Since the depreciation expense was overstated by $1,093, the accumulated depreciation is also overstated. Hence, the contra-asset account is debited to decrease the expense value.
- Retained Earnings is an equity account. Since understatement of $6,864 of interest expense and overstatement of $1,093 of depreciation expense overstated the net income of 2020. Hence, the equity account is debited by the difference of $5,771 to decrease the overstated value.
- Building is an asset account. The asset value decreased due to discount, and a decrease in asset is credited.
b.
The error of 2016 overstated inventory would be counterbalanced at the end of 2017.
Journal entry to correct the 2017 overstated inventory:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
Retained Earnings | 15,000 | |||||
Inventory | 15,000 | |||||
(Record reduction in overstated inventory and increase in understated cost of goods sold) |
Table (9)
Description:
- Retained Earnings is an equity account. Since ending inventory in 2017 was overstated, cost of goods sold of 2017 was understated, and hence, revenue is overstated in 2020. The retained earnings account is debited to decrease the overstated equity.
- Inventory is an asset account. Since ending inventory in 2017 was overstated, the value of assets increased. The asset account is credited to decrease the overstated asset account.
c.
The errors of 2015 and 2016 un-accrued expenses would be counterbalanced at the end of 2016 and 2017 respectively.
Journal entry to correct the 2017 failure to accrue salaries and wages:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
Retained Earnings | 10,000 | |||||
Salaries and Wages Payable | 10,000 | |||||
(Record accrued salaries and wages expense) |
Table (10)
Description:
- Retained Earnings is an equity account. Since accrued wages were not recorded and wages expense was not included in the computation of net income, the net income of 2017 was overstated. Hence, the equity account is debited to decrease the overstated value.
- Salaries and Wages Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay salaries and wages expense has increased, liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Intermediate Accounting: Reporting and Analysis
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- Intermediate Accounting: Reporting And AnalysisAccountingISBN:9781337788281Author:James M. Wahlen, Jefferson P. Jones, Donald PagachPublisher:Cengage Learning