Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.3, Problem 3CC
If you were a phamaceutical researcher, why would you want to learn the three-dimensional shapes of naturally occuring signaling molecules?
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 2.1 - Is a trace element an essenteal element? Explain.Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 2.2 - A nitrogen atom has 7 protons and the most common...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 2.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 2.3 - Why does the structure HCCH fail to make sense...Ch. 2.3 - What holds the atoms together in a crystal of...Ch. 2.3 - If you were a phamaceutical researcher, why would...Ch. 2.4 - Which type of chemical reaction occurs faster at...Ch. 2.4 - Write an equation that uses the products of...
Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 2.5 - How can the freezing of water crack boulders?Ch. 2.5 - Compared with a basic solution at pH 9, the same...Ch. 2.5 - What would be the effect on the properties of the...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 5CCCh. 2 - The reactivity of an atom arises from A. the...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 2 - Many mammals control their body temperature by...Ch. 2 - We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a...Ch. 2 - Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 2 - What coefficients must be placed in the following...Ch. 2 - A Slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn...Ch. 2 - Draw the hydration shells that from around a...Ch. 2 - What do climate change (see Concept 1.1) and ocean...Ch. 2 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Female luna moths (Actias luna)...Ch. 2 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION The percentage of naturally...Ch. 2 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Several emergent properties...Ch. 2 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE How do cats drink?...
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- What is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distances (ex: nerve cell signaling)?arrow_forwardHow is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.arrow_forwardA signal transduction pathway leads to the regulation of one or more cellular activities. What does that mean? Explain in your own words step by step (as simpler as possible)arrow_forward
- What is the benefit of using second messangers and phosphorylation cascades during the transduction step of cell signaling?arrow_forwardThe biomolecular interaction between protein receptors and ligands is similar to that of en- zymes and substrates, which depends in part on the shape of the protein. The shape of a protein, in turn, depends on the presence of appropriate chemical bonds in the protein. Many common medications function by altering the interactions between protein receptors and ligands, thereby interfering with the normal response of a cell to specific signals. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which a drug might interfere with a normal cellular response? A B A medication causes the cell to become more permeable and unable to maintain the conditions that allow a normal response. с A medication interrupts the electron transport chain in a cell and makes it unable to syn- thesize sufficient ATP. D A medication enters the nucleus of a cell and alters the nucleic sequence for a specific receptor protein. A medication enters a target cell and acts as an inhibitor to an intercellular protein…arrow_forwardWhy is the lifetime of second messengers so crucial to signaling efficiency? Example: Genetically engineering a second messenger by increasing its lifetime would decrease the efficiency of its signal in a cell's signaling system.arrow_forward
- What is one advantage of signal transduction being a pathway (several steps)?arrow_forwardYou are studying the role of CAMP in cell signaling. You hypothesize that 2 intracellular signaling proteins, named GO and TIGERS, interact with each other when cells are treated with an extracellular source of CAMP. The two proteins were tagged with CFP or YFP (CFP = cyan fluorescent protein; YFP = yellow fluorescent protein). CFP is excited by 435 nm light and emits lights at 480 nm. YFP is excited by 480 nm light and emits light at 535 nm. 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 600 Fluorescence 400 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Fluorescence Intensity 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Figure Legend. A. Cells expressing GO-CFP irradiate with 435 nm light. B. Cells expressing TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. C. Cells expressing TIGERS- YFP and irradiated with 480 nm light. D. Cells expressing GO-CFP and TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. E. Cells expressing GO-CFP and…arrow_forwardWhat is signal messengers? What is a protein receptor? What is its function? What are the signaling steps? Please describe each step? What is the response step of signaling?arrow_forward
- What is one disadvantage of signal transduction being a pathway?arrow_forwardThrough a series of experiments, we will now investigate how the human eye detects light in two conditions (in the presence of light and in the dark), in order to understand the patient impaired vision at night. The eye's retina is constituted by two types of photoreceptor cells: the rods and the cones. These cells can detect light and produce a cellular response through a specific signaling pathway. The internal structure of these photoreceptor cells is represented in the figure below. Rods differ from cones in that they are much taller, much thinner and have many membranous discs that play a key role in photoreception. Light is received by a membrane receptor, which initiates a signal transduction inside the cell. The cellular response produced consists of the release a neurotransmitter (glutamate) into a synaptic cleft, triggering a series of action potentials the post-synaptic neuron (not shown in the figure). This electrical signal is then sent to (and processed by) the central…arrow_forwardPlace the steps below in the correct order as they would occur within a signal transduction pathway. Drag and drop options into correct order and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ♥ An inactive signal transduction molecule is activated. A transcription factor enters the nucleus. An active signal transduction molecule binds a transcription factor. A gene is expressed. A receptor undergoes a conformational change. A ligand binds to a receptor. [3 Fuls Your answer II II II II IIarrow_forward
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