Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 35E
If the major axis of an ellipse is 16 cm, what is the semimajor axis? If the eccentricity is 0.8, would this ellipse be best described as mostly circular or very elongated?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 3 - State Kepler’s three laws in your own words.Ch. 3 - Why did Kepler need Tycho Brahe’s data to...Ch. 3 - Which has more mass: an armful of feathers or an...Ch. 3 - Explain how Kepler was able to find a relationship...Ch. 3 - Write out Newton’s three laws of motion in terms...Ch. 3 - Which major planet has the largest . . . A....Ch. 3 - Why do we say that Neptune was the first planet to...Ch. 3 - Why was Brahe reluctant to provide Kepler with all...Ch. 3 - According to Kepler’s second law, where in a...Ch. 3 - The gas pedal, the brakes, and the steering wheel...
Ch. 3 - Explain how a rocket can propel itself using...Ch. 3 - A certain material has a mass of 565 g while...Ch. 3 - To calculate the momentum of an object, which...Ch. 3 - To calculate the angular momentum of an object,...Ch. 3 - What was the great insight Newton had regarding...Ch. 3 - Which of these properties of an object best...Ch. 3 - Pluto’s orbit is more eccentric than any of the...Ch. 3 - Why is Tycho Brahe often called “the greatest...Ch. 3 - Is it possible to escape the force of gravity by...Ch. 3 - What is the momentum of an object whose velocity...Ch. 3 - Evil space aliens drop you and your fellow...Ch. 3 - A body moves in a perfectly circular path at...Ch. 3 - As friction with our atmosphere causes a satellite...Ch. 3 - Use a history book, an encyclopedia, or the...Ch. 3 - Two asteroids begin to gravitationally attract one...Ch. 3 - How does the mass of an astronaut change when she...Ch. 3 - If there is gravity where the International Space...Ch. 3 - Compare the density, weight, mass, and volume of a...Ch. 3 - If identical spacecraft were orbiting Mars and...Ch. 3 - By what factor would a person’s weight be...Ch. 3 - Suppose astronomers find an earthlike planet that...Ch. 3 - What is the semimajor axis of a circle of diameter...Ch. 3 - If 24 g of material fills a cube 2 cm on a side,...Ch. 3 - If 128 g of material is in the shape of a brick 2...Ch. 3 - If the major axis of an ellipse is 16 cm, what is...Ch. 3 - What is the average distance from the Sun (in...Ch. 3 - What is the average distance from the Sun (in...Ch. 3 - In 1996, astronomers discovered an icy object...
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- Must engineers take Earth’s rotation into account when constructing very tall buildings at any location other than the equator or very near the poles?arrow_forwardThe semimajor axis of Mars orbit is about 1.52 astronomical units (au), where an au is the Earth's average distance from the Sun, meaning the semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 1 au. To go from Earth to Mars and use the least energy from rocket fuel, the orbit has a semimajor axis of 1.26 au and an eccentricity of about 0.21. Starting at Earth's orbit, to follow this path we give the spacecraft an orbital velocity of 40 km/s. Which of the following describes this best? It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must speed up to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must slow down to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. It flys past Mars on its trajectory unless it is braked by accelerating toward the Sun. It which leaves Earth when…arrow_forwardThe semimajor axis of Mars orbit is about 1.52 astronomical units (au), where an au is the Earth's average distance from the Sun, meaning the semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 1 au. To go from Earth to Mars and use the least energy from rocket fuel, the orbit has a semimajor axis of 1.26 au and an eccentricity of about 0.21. Starting at Earth's orbit, to follow this path we give the spacecraft an orbital velocity of 40 km/s. Which of the following describes this best? a. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must speed up to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. b. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must slow down to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. c. It flys past Mars on its trajectory unless it is braked by accelerating toward the Sun. It which leaves Earth when Mars is nearly…arrow_forward
- The Halley’s Comet regularly passes by the earth on its tour around the sun (at the time of Jesus’ birth itwas something different, most probably). The semi-major axis of the elliptical path is 17.8 AU(astronomical unit = 150·109 m). Halley’s last visit at our earth was in 1985. Are you going to experience the next visit?arrow_forwardPlanet X orbits the star Omega with a "year" that is 492 days long. Planet Y circles Omega at four times the orbital distance of planet X. How many earth days is a year on planet Y? Enter units as d.arrow_forwardConsider the Earth's orbit around the Sun to be circular with radius R = 9.30 x 107 mi and it takes 365 days to complete one revolution. What is the distance Earth traveled for one revolution (circumference of a circle is 2??2πR )?arrow_forward
- the weight, w, of an object varies inversely as the square of the distance, d, between the object and the center of Earth. If a man weighs 75kg on the surface of Earth, how much would he weigh 300km above the Earth's surface? (given the radius of the earth is approximately 6400km)arrow_forwardA satellite travels around Earth in uniform circular motion at an altitude of 35,736 km above Earth’s surface. The satellite is in geosynchronous orbit. In the below figure, the satellite moves counterclockwise (ABCDA). (State directions in terms of the x- and y-axes.) The radius of Earth is 6371 km. a.)What is the magnitude of the satellite’s average acceleration for one quarter of an orbit, starting at A and ending at B? b.)What is the direction of the satellite’s average acceleration for one quarter of an orbit, starting at A and ending at B? Enter the answer in degrees where negative indicates an angle below −x-axis and positive indicates an angle above −x-axis.arrow_forwardA planet is about 7.79 x 108 km (orbital radius) from the sun. It takes 1,425 days for the planet to go around its orbit (assume circular orbit). What is the orbital velocity in km/sec of the planet along its orbital path? What is its acceleration toward the sun in km/sec2? (Force attraction of sun = ma = mv2); r = orbital radius rarrow_forward
- if the geocentric latitude of a point in the spheroid is 45degrees. dtermine the geodetic latitude of the given point if the first eccentricity id e=0.866603.arrow_forwardThe weight w of an object varied inversely as the square of the distance d between the object and the center of Earth. If a man weighs 90 kg on the surface of Earth, how much would he weigh 400 km above the Earth's surface? (Given: The radius of the Earth is approximately 6400 km.)arrow_forwardTwo celestial bodies whose masses are m1 and m2 are revolving around their common center of mass and the distance between them is L. Assuming that they are both point masses, Find the angular speed, tangential speeds of the masses m1 and m2, and period of the motion. Universal Gravitational Constant, G=6,6742867E-11 m3 kg / s2(Note that the exponent is negative)Radius of Earth, RE: 6,3781366E+06 mMass of Earth, ME: 5,9721426E+24 kg m1=10^12kg m2=10^11kg L=10^8m 7,27210E+00 m1 3,85280E+00 m2 6,16500E+00 Larrow_forward
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