Most naturally occurring acids are weak acids. Lactic acid is one example.
If you place some lactic acid in water, it will ionize to a small extent, and an equilibrium will be established. Suggest some experiments to prow that this is a weak acid and that the establishment of equilibrium is a reversible process.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Write the chemical equation and the expression for the equilibrium constant, and calculate Kb for the reaction of each of the following ions as a base. (a) sulfate ion (b) citrate ionarrow_forwardComplete each of these reactions by filling in the blanks. Predict whether each reaction is product-favored or reactant-favored, and explain your reasoning. (a) _________ (aq) + Br(aq) NH3(aq) + HBr(aq) (b) CH3COOH(aq) + CN(aq) ________ (aq) + HCN(aq) (c) ________ (aq)+H2O () NH3(aq) + OH(aq)arrow_forwardTable 13-4 lists the stepwise Ka values for some polyprotic acids. What is the difference between a monoprotic acid, a diprotic acid, and a triprotic acid? Most polyprotic acids are weak acids; the major exception is H2SO4. To solve for the pH of a solution of H2SO4, you must generally solve a strong acid problem as well as a weak acid problem. Explain. Write out the reactions that refer to Ka1 and Ka2 for H2SO4. For H3PO4, Ka1 = 7.5 103, Ka2 = 6.2 108, and Ka3= 4.8 1013. Write out the reactions that refer to the Ka1, Ka2and Ka3equilibrium constants. What are the three acids in a solution of H3PO4? Which acid is strongest? What are the three conjugate bases in a solution of H3PO4? Which conjugate base is strongest? Summarize the strategy for calculating the pH of a polyprotic acid in water.arrow_forward
- You are on one of Saturn's many moons and discover a substance, Y2O that undergoes autoionization just like water on Earth. Y2O + Y2O ⇌ Y3O+ + OY– Through a series of experiments, you determine the equilibrium constant (Keq) for this autoionization reaction at various temperatures. The value of Keq at 28.7ºC is 7.6 x 10-14. What is the pY of the pure substance at this temperature? Report your answer to the hundreths placearrow_forwardWrite the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction: C6H₁004(aq)+2 OH (aq) → 2CH₂COO¯(aq)+С₂H₂O₂(aq) 11 X 00 00arrow_forwardConsider the following acidic equilibrium: H₂CO₃(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ HCO₃⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq). If you add NaHCO₃ to this solution, which of the following will occur? A) The reaction quotient will decrease. B) The reaction will shift in the reverse direction. C) The equilibrium constant will increase. D) No changes to the equilibrium positions will take place.arrow_forward
- Acetic acid is a weak acid, meaning it does not fully dissociate in water. Instead, there is an equilibrium between the dissolved but undissociated molecule and the component ions: HOAc (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + OAc– (aq)OAc– is an abbreviation for the acetate ion, CH3COO–, and H3O+ is the hydronium ion (lone protons, H+ (aq), do not exist!). (d) When starting with completely un-dissociated acetic acid, is it accurate to assume that [HOAc]0 = [HOAc]eq? Why or why not? (e) A highly concentrated acetic acid solution contains 15.0M acetic acid at equilibrium. What are the equilibrium concentrations of the hydronium and acetate ions in this solution? (f) Creating the concentrated acetic acid solution by dissolving liquid HOAc in water raises the temperature of the water by about 5°C from room temperature. At 50°C, do you expect the solution to contain more or less acetate ion OAc– than what you calculated in (c)? Why?arrow_forwardAcetic acid is a weak acid, meaning it does not fully dissociate in water. Instead, there is an equilibrium between the dissolved but undissociated molecule and the component ions: HOAc (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + OAc– (aq)OAc– is an abbreviation for the acetate ion, CH3COO–, and H3O+ is the hydronium ion (lone protons, H+ (aq), do not exist!). (a) Write the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of acetic acid. (b) Vinegar sold commercially is typically 0.8 − 1.0 M acetic acid. A 1.00 M solution of acetic acid is measured by its pH to have an equilibrium concentration of 4.19×10−3 M for both acetate ions and hydronium ions at room temperature. Assuming [HOAc]0 = 1.00M, what is the equilibrium concentration of undissociated acetic acid [HOAc]eq to the correct number of significant figures? (c) What is the value of the equilibrium constant Keq for the dissociation according to the concentrations from part (b)? (d) When starting with completely un-dissociated…arrow_forwardMethanoic acid is also called formic acid. It has the chemical formula HCOOH(l). It is a colourless fuming liquid that is mainly used as a preservative. It exhibits the following equilibrium in water:HCOOH(aq) + H2O(l) → HCOO–(aq) + H3O+(aq) 4) The concentration of the hydroxide ion, OH-(aq), in an aqueous solution is 2.5 x 10–3 mol/L. What is the pH of the solution? PLEASE HELP THIS IS VERY URGENTarrow_forward
- Write the equilibrium constant expression, K, for the following reaction taking place in dilute aqueous solution. NO2- (aq) + H2O (l)HNO2 (aq) + OH- (aq) K=arrow_forwardWrite the equilibrium constant expression, K, for the following reaction taking place in dilute aqueous solution. HF (aq) + OH- (aq)F- (aq) + H2O (l) K =arrow_forwardYou are on a new planet and discover a substance, Z2O that undergoes autoionization just like water on Earth. Z2O + Z2O ⇌ Z3O+ + OZ– Through a series of experiments, you determine the equilibrium constant (Kx) for this autoionization reaction at various temperatures. The value of Keq at 26.8ºC is 6.9 x 10-14. What is the pZ of the pure substance at this temperature? (pZ = -log(Z3O+) Report your answer to the hundreths placearrow_forward
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