Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3.1, Problem 3C
Summary Introduction
To sketch: Methyl, amino, carbonyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phosphate by including both non-ionized and ionized forms for acidic and basic groups.
Introduction: An organic compound is defined as the chemical compound that has carbon and another element. A
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Identify the following types of biomolecules and label and identify the functional groups
Identify. Examine the following four amino acids (A-D):
Co0
"H,N-
CH
"H,N
CH
"H;N-CH
"H,N
CH
CH2
CH2
CH,
CH
CH2
CH3
CH,
CH2
OH
NH,"
B
D
What are their names, three-letter abbreviations, and one-letter
symbols?
b. Please draw the structure of the polypeptide: threonine-lysine-glutamine-valine at pH 7.0, and
identify the alpha carbons.
C.
Estimate the isoelectric point of the polypeptide in (b.)?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.1 - Describe the properties of carbon that make it the...Ch. 3.1 - Define the term isomer and distinguish among the...Ch. 3.1 - Identify the major functional groups present in...Ch. 3.1 - Explain the relationship between polymers and...Ch. 3.1 - What are some of the ways that the features of...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 3.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 3.1 - Prob. 5CCh. 3.2 - Distinguish among monosaccharides, disaccharides,...
Ch. 3.2 - VISUALIZE Draw simple sketches comparing the...Ch. 3.3 - Distinguish among fats, phospholipids, and...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 3.3 - Explain why the structure of phospholipids enables...Ch. 3.4 - Give an overall description of the structure and...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 3.4 - Distinguish among the four levels of organization...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 3.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 3.5 - Describe the components of a nucleotide. Name some...Ch. 3.5 - VISUALIZE Sketch a pyrimidine nucleotide subunit...Ch. 3.6 - Compare the functions and chemical compositions of...Ch. 3.6 - How can you distinguish a pentose sugar from a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 3 - VISUALIZE The structures depicted are (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 3 - The synthetic process by which monomers are...Ch. 3 - A monosaccharide designated as an aldehyde sugar...Ch. 3 - Structural polysaccharides typically (a) have...Ch. 3 - Saturated fatty acids are so named because they...Ch. 3 - Fatty acids in phospholipids and triacylglycerols...Ch. 3 - Which of the following levels of protein structure...Ch. 3 - Which of the following associations between R...Ch. 3 - Each phosphodiester linkage in DNA or RNA includes...Ch. 3 - PREDICT Do any of the amino acid side groups shown...Ch. 3 - PREDICT Like oxygen, sulfur forms two covalent...Ch. 3 - Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are...Ch. 3 - EVOLUTION LINK In what ways are all species alike...Ch. 3 - EVOLUTION LINK The total number of possible amino...Ch. 3 - EVOLUTION LINK Each amino acid could potentially...
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- Consider the protein below: HO HỘ NH CH-OH CH Identify/Name the noncovalent interaction between groups in the following locations: Σarrow_forwarda. what general category would you place this molecule in of the four categories of biomolecules? b. List 5 functional groups you see in this molecule?arrow_forwardI. Write a balanced chemical reaction, complete with chemical structures, to show the hydrolysis of iso-C to U. II. Draw the mechanism by which iso-G converts to its "minor tautomeric form complementary to U." You may propose either an acid or base catalyst. III. Draw chemical structures of the minor tautomeric form of iso-guanine (iso-G) and uracil (U), showing the non-covalent bonding (H-bonding) interactions between them.arrow_forward
- Calculate the charge and draw the structure of the predominant ion for: (i) Lysine at pH 7.0 (R=-CH2CH;CH;CH¿NH2) (ii) Glutamic acid at pH 7.0 (R=-CH2CH;COOH) (iii) Serine at pH 1.0 (R=-CH2OH)arrow_forwardConsider the structure shown below. он 3 5 CH; O CH, O H CH; O 1 H-N-CH,-C-N-CH;-C-N-CH-C-N-CH-C-N-CH-C-ơ 2 H. H H Fill in the blank with an integer (1, 2, 3, 4, 5..) as shown in the diagram or to represent a specified number. A hydrophilic side chain is indicated by the numberarrow_forwardGive at least 5 examples of biological compounds having an aldehyde functional group and identify the biochemical importance of each compound.arrow_forward
- the peptide sequence in single letter code is T N C H P, please hand draw a peptide diagram satisfied the following conditions * Show the position of all ‘heavy’ atoms with the appropriate letter (C, N, O, S etc.) and indicate the number of attached hydrogen atoms (no skeletal structures allowed). * Show all double bonds and/or partial double bonds. * Draw all ionisable groups as their most highly populated state at pH 7. * Make the peptide bond between the fourth residue and proline the cis isomer. * Show all other peptide bonds as trans. * Show the alpha carbon of every residue as tetrahedral and the L isomer. * All trigonal planar groups must be shown explicitly with appropriate geometry. 2. Give the name and three letter code for each amino acid in the peptide. 3. At pH 7, approximately what charge would be on your peptide? Explain your answer. 4. Can your peptide form intra/interchain disulfide bonds? Explain why/why not. 5. Will your peptide absorb UV (either strongly, weakly…arrow_forwardMacmillan Learning Consider the structure of methionine in its +1 charge state. H₂N CH₂ CH₂ CH3 -OH Give the pK, value for the a-amino group of methionine. An answer within ±0.5 units is acceptable. Give the pK, value for the a-carboxyl group of methionine. An answer within +0.5 units is acceptable. Determine the isoelectric point (pl) for methionine. Give your answer to two decimal places. pK (−NH ) = pK₂ (-COOH) = pl = 5.74 2.28 Incorrect 9.21 Incorrect Attemptarrow_forwardModify isoleucine to show the predominant forms at pH 1, 7, and 13. Isoleucine has, values of 2.4 (carboxyl group) and 9.7 (amino group). Isoleucine at pH 7 Isoleucine at pH 1 CH3 CH₂ + H₂C CH +H₂N- C H Incorrect Isoleucine at pH 13 Incorrect H₂C H₂N- CH₂ | CH₂ CH c- C H 0 ĭ Incorrect H₂C +H₂N-arrow_forward
- Given the figure below. Which structure is predominant at pH = 8.0? (Note: The amino acid structures on the topmost portion are labeled as A, B, C and D from left to right) * çOOH pK1 H3Nt CH CH2 CH2 CH2 ČH2 NH3* poo H2N-CH CH2 CH2 GH2 CH2 NH2 foo H2N-CH CH2 çoo pK2 pk3 CH2 CH2 NH3* NH3* 14 1 pK2 pl pk3 12 10 pH 6 4 pK1 2 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Equivalents of OHarrow_forwardDiscuss the general classes ofsphingolipids and their functions.arrow_forwardAmino acid structure and composition: Assuming physiological pH conditions, draw the peptide backbone of a protein composed of four amino acids. The protein is a) overall positively charged b) capable of forming disulfide bond with another protein c) has two amino acid that can participate in hydrogen bond formation d) one peptide bond in cis conformation you must show the complete name, single letter abbreviation and structure of each amino acid. Make sure to highlight the peptide bond that is in cis conformationarrow_forward
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