Introduction to Algorithms
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780262033848
Author: Thomas H. Cormen, Ronald L. Rivest, Charles E. Leiserson, Clifford Stein
Publisher: MIT Press
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Chapter 34.5, Problem 1E
Program Plan Intro
To demonstrate that the sub-graph isomorphism problem is NP-complete.
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Students have asked these similar questions
4. The subgraph-isomorphism problem takes two graphs Gl and G2 and asks whether
Gl is isomorphic to a subgraph of G2. Show that
a) the subgraph-isomorphism problem is in NP; and
b) it is NP-complete by giving a polynomial time reduction from SAT problem to it.
Note: Two graphs G1=(V1, E1) and G2=(V2, E2) are isomorphic if there exists a one-
one and onto function f( ) from V1 to V2 such that for every two nodes u and v in V1,
(u,v) is in El if and only if (f(u), f(v)) is in E2. For examples, Gl is isomorphic to a
subgraph with vertices {1,2,5,4} of G2 below.
G1
G2
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
4
3
Recall the Clique problem: given a graph G and a value k, check whether G has a set S of k vertices that's a clique. A clique is a subset of vertices S such that for all u, v € S, uv is an edge of G. The goal of this problem is to establish the NP-hardness of Clique by reducing VertexCover, which is itself an NP-hard problem, to Clique.
Recall that a vertex cover is a set of vertices S such that every edge uv has at least one endpoint (u or v) in S, and the VertexCover problem is given a graph H and a value 1, check whether H has a vertex cover of size at most 1. Note that all these problems are already phrased as decision problems, and you only need to show the NP-Hardness of Clique. In other words, we will only solve the reduction part in this problem, and you DO NOT need to show that Clique is in NP.
Q4.1
Let S be a subset of vertices in G, and let C be the complement graph of G (where uv is an edge in C if and only if uv is not an edge in G).
Prove that for any subset of vertices…
For each pair of graphs G1 = <V1, E1> and G2 = <V2, E2>
a) determine if they are isomorphic or not.
b) Determine a function that can be isomorphic between them if they are isomorphic. Otherwise you should justify why they are not isomorphic.
c) is there an Euler road or an Euler bike in anyone graph? Is Hamilton available? You should draw if the answer is yes and reason if your answer is no.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Introduction to Algorithms
Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 34.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 34.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 34.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 34.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 34.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 4E
Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 34.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 34.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 34.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 34.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 34.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 34.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 34.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 34.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 34.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 34.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 34.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 34.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 34.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 34.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 34.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 34.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 34.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 34.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 34.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 34.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 34.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 34.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 34.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 34.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 34 - Prob. 1PCh. 34 - Prob. 2PCh. 34 - Prob. 3PCh. 34 - Prob. 4P
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Similar questions
- COMPLETE-SUBGRAPH problem is defined as follows: Given a graph G = (V, E) and an integer k, output yes if and only if there is a subset of vertices S ⊆ V such that |S| = k, and every pair of vertices in S are adjacent (there is an edge between any pair of vertices). How do I show that COMPLETE-SUBGRAPH problem is in NP? How do I show that COMPLETE-SUBGRAPH problem is NP-Complete? (Hint 1: INDEPENDENT-SET problem is a NP-Complete problem.) (Hint 2: You can also use other NP-Complete problems to prove NP-Complete of COMPLETE-SUBGRAPH.)arrow_forwardThe third-clique problem is about deciding whether a given graph G = (V, E) has a clique of cardinality at least |V |/3.Show that this problem is NP-complete.arrow_forward3) The graph k-coloring problem is stated as follows: Given an undirected graph G = (V,E) with N vertices and M edges and an integer k. Assign to each vertex v in Va color c(v) such that 1< c(v)arrow_forwardGraphs G and H are isomorphic if the nodes of G may be reordered so that it is identical to H. Let ISO = { | G and H are isomorphic graphs}. Show that ISO is in the class NP.arrow_forward3) The graph k-coloring problem is stated as follows: Given an undirected graph G= (V,E) with N vertices and M edges and an integer k. Assign to each vertex v in V a color c(v) such that 1arrow_forwardDetermine {G | G is a complete graph} is in P or NP-completearrow_forwardThe problem Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance takes as input two undirected graphs Fand G. It asks where F can be colored with two colors (say, red and blue) that does not containa monochomatic (all-red or all-blue) G as a subgraph. (Note that when G has two nodes and oneedge between them, this is equivalent to the 2-coloring problem of asking whether F can be coloredso that no neighbors have the same color.)Next, show that Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance is contained in one of the classes inthe second level of the polynomial hierarchy. ALso provide an expression using qualifiers. You need to provide a clear expression using the qualifiersarrow_forwardThe problem Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance takes as input two undirected graphs Fand G. It asks where F can be colored with two colors (say, red and blue) that does not containa monochomatic (all-red or all-blue) G as a subgraph. (Note that when G has two nodes and oneedge between them, this is equivalent to the 2-coloring problem of asking whether F can be coloredso that no neighbors have the same color.)Next, show that Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance is contained in one of the classes inthe second level of the polynomial hierarchy.arrow_forwardThe problem Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance takes as input two undirected graphs Fand G. It asks where F can be colored with two colors (say, red and blue) that does not containa monochomatic (all-red or all-blue) G as a subgraph. (Note that when G has two nodes and oneedge between them, this is equivalent to the 2-coloring problem of asking whether F can be coloredso that no neighbors have the same color.)First, give an example yes-input and an example no-input, where in each case, F has at leastfive nodes and G has at least three nodes.Next, show that Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance is contained in one of the classes inthe second level of the polynomial hierarchy.arrow_forwardThe problem Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance takes as input two undirected graphs Fand G. It asks where F can be colored with two colors (say, red and blue) that does not containa monochomatic (all-red or all-blue) G as a subgraph. (Note that when G has two nodes and oneedge between them, this is equivalent to the 2-coloring problem of asking whether F can be coloredso that no neighbors have the same color.)Next, show that Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance is contained in one of the classes inthe second level of the polynomial hierarchy. ALso provide an expression using quantifiersarrow_forwardThe problem Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance takes as input two undirected graphs Fand G. It asks where F can be colored with two colors (say, red and blue) that does not containa monochomatic (all-red or all-blue) G as a subgraph. (Note that when G has two nodes and oneedge between them, this is equivalent to the 2-coloring problem of asking whether F can be coloredso that no neighbors have the same color.)Next, show that Monochomatic-Subgraph-Avoidance is contained in one of the classes inthe second level of the polynomial hierarchy. ALso provide an expression using qualifiers. You need to provide a clear expression using the qualifiers.Please give clear explainationarrow_forwardA Vertex Cover of an undirected graph G is a subset of the nodes of G,such that every edge of G touches one of the selected nodes.The VERTEX-COVER problem is to decide if a graph G has a vertex cover of size k.VERTEX-COVER = { <G,k> | G is an undirected graph with a k-node vertex cover }The VC3 problem is a special case of the VERTEX-COVER problem where the value of k is fixed at 3.VERTEX-COVER 3 = { <G> | G is an undirected graph with a 3-node vertex cover }Use parts a-b below to show that Vertex-Cover 3 is in the class P.a. Give a high-level description of a decider for VC3.A high-level description describes an algorithmwithout giving details about how the machine manages its tape or head.b. Show that the decider in part a runs in deterministic polynomial time.arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_iosRecommended textbooks for you
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