Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The given symbol must be explained.
Concept introduction:
A chemical equation is the mathematical representation of a
Reaction conditions like temperature, pressure, reaction time etc are while writing a chemical equation.
(b)
Interpretation:
The term ‘aq’ must be explained.
Concept introduction:
In chemical reaction the physical states of all species are given in bracket.
Solid substances are written as ‘s’, liquid substances are written as ‘l’ and gaseous substances are written as ‘g’.
(c)
Interpretation:
The term
Concept introduction:
In chemical reaction the reactants and products are balanced properly with definite number of moles.
(d)
Interpretation:
The term overall equation must be explained.
Concept introduction:
In chemical reaction the reactants and products are balanced properly with definite number of moles. The reaction may follow step by step through some intermediate. In that case one simplified final equation may be obtained eliminating the intermediate formation.
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General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
- On Easter Sunday, April 3, 1983, nitric acid spilled from a tank car near downtown Denver, Colorado. The spill was neutralized with sodium carbonate: 2HNO3(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)2NaNO3(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) a. Calculate H for this reaction. Approximately 2.0 104 gal nitric acid was spilled. Assume that the acid was an aqueous solution containing 70.0% HNO3 by mass with a density of 1.42 glcm3. What mass of sodium carbonate was required for complete neutralization of the spill, and what quantity of heat was evolved? (Hf for NaNO3(aq) = 467 kJ/mol) b. According to The Denver Post for April 4, 1983, authorities feared that dangerous air pollution might occur during the neutralization. Considering the magnitude of H, what was their major concern?arrow_forwardIn an accident, a solution containing 2.5 kg of nitric acid was spilled. Two kilograms of Na2CO3 was quickly spread on the area and CO2 was released by the reaction. Was sufficient Na2CO3 used to neutralize all of the acid?arrow_forwardIn the reaction CaCl2+Na2CO3CaCO3+2NaCl, if 0.5mole of NaCl is to be formed, then: a. 1mole of Na2CO3 is needed. b. 0.5mole of CaCO3 is also formed. c. 0.5mole of Na2CO3 is needed. d. 0.25mole of CaCl2 is needed.arrow_forward
- When yeast is added to a solution of glucose or fructose, the sugars are said to undergo fermentation, and ethyl alcohol is produced. :math>C6H12O6(aq)2C2H5OH(aq)+2CO2(g) is is the reaction by which wines arc produced from grape juice. Calculate the mass of ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH. Produced when 5.25 g of glucose, C6H12O6, undergoes this reaction.arrow_forwardA common method for determining how much chloride ion is present in a sample is to precipitate the chloride from an aqueous solution of the sample with silver nitrate solution and then to weigh the silver chloride that results. The balanced net ionic reaction is :math>Ag+(aq)+Cl(aq)AgCl(s) ppose a 5.45-g sample of pure sodium chloride is dissolved in water and is then treated with a solution containing 1.15 g of silver nitrate. Will this quantity of silver nitrate be capable of precipitating all the chloride ion from the sodium chloride sample?arrow_forwardIt is stated in Section 6.3 of the text that to balance equations by inspection you start “with the most complicated molecule.” What does this mean? Why is it best to do this?arrow_forward
- A weighed sample of a metal is added to liquid bromine and allowed to react completely. The product substance is then separated from any leftover reactants and weighed. This experiment is repeated with several masses of the metal but with the same volume of bromine. This graph indicates the results. Explain why the graph has the shape that it does.arrow_forwardAmmonia can be formed from a combination reaction of its elements. A small fraction of an unreacted mixture of elements is illustrated in the following diagram, in which white spheres represent hydrogen atoms and blue spheres represent nitrogen atoms. The temperature is such that all species are gases. a Write and balance the equation for the reaction. b Which of the following correctly represents the product mixture? c Which species is the limiting reactant? Explain.arrow_forwardMethanol (methyl alcohol), CH3OH , is a very important industrial chemical. Formerly, methanol was prepared by heating wood to high temperatures in the absence of air. The complex compounds present in wood are degraded by this process into a charcoal residue and a volatile portion that is rich in methanol. Today, methanol is instead synthesized from carbon monoxide and elemental hydrogen. Write the balanced chemical equation for this latter process.arrow_forward
- The traditional method of analysis for the amount of chloride ion present in a sample is to dissolve the sample in water and then slowly to add a solution of silver nitrate. Silver chloride ¡s very insoluble in water, and by adding a slight excess of silver nitrate, it is possible to effectively remove all chloride ion from the sample. :math>Ag+(aq)+Cl+(aq)AgCl(s) ppose a 1.054-g sample is known to contain 10.3% chloride ion by mass. What mass of silver nitrate must be used to completely precipitate the chloride ion from the sample? What mass of silver chloride will be obtained?arrow_forwardWhat is the final concentration of the solution produced when 225.5 mL of a 0.09988-M solution of Na2CO3 is allowed to evaporate until the solution volume is reduced to 45.00 mL?arrow_forward
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