Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 40.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason for the release of posterior pituitary hormones from neurons and anterior pituitary hormones from epithelial cells by providing a developmental explanation.
Introduction:
The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk. Hypothalamus regulates physiological systems, such as thermoregulation. Pituitary gland connects the two systems, that are nervous and the endocrine systems. Two parts of the pituitary gland, anterior and posterior regions, have been developed as a part of separate developmental origins.
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Explain the negative feedback loops that regulate the production and release of anterior pituitary hormones.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Which hormones produced in the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland have the targets indicated? Below, fill in the blanks using the abbreviations noted in Section 15.3.arrow_forwardA physician sees a patient whose symptoms include sluggishness, depression, and intolerance to cold. After eliminating other possible causes, the doctor diagnoses a hormone problem. What disorder fits the symptoms? Why does the doctor suspect that the underlying cause is a malfunction of the anterior pituitary gland?arrow_forwardWhat are the hormones found in pituitary gland (both posterior and anterior) ? Explain each briefly.arrow_forward
- Describe the chemical nature and function of two posterior-lobe hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin. What is distinctive about the way these neurosecretory hormones are secreted compared with the neurosecretory release and release-inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary hormones?arrow_forwardDescribe the major age-related changes that occur in the endocrine system. Describe how the pituitary gland regulates the secretion of hormones from other endocrine glands.arrow_forwardThe endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the activity of different body cells. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls the activities of other glands. Discuss a disorder associated with either hypo or hypersecretion of a specific hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. Include in your discussion the answer to the following: What effect will an increase or decrease in production have on the target organs?What signs and symptoms are associated with this condition and how is it treated?arrow_forward
- Name and describe the function of 3 hormones released from the anterior pituitary.arrow_forwardDescribe the close relationship between the human nervous and endocrine systems. Explain in detail the two main ways the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland. Then explain how the pituitary gland exerts control over many other endocrine glands.arrow_forwardList six hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, their abbreviations, and their target organs and functions.arrow_forward
- Surgical removal of the posterior pituitary in experimentalanimals results in clear symptoms of a hormone shortage, butthey can be temporary. Surgical removal of the anterior pituitary,in contrast, results in many manifestations and a permanentshortage of several hormones. Explain these results.arrow_forwardState what the different parts of the pituitary gland are called and how they differ. b) Explain the physiological significance of the portal system of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland c) What hormones are produced by different parts of the pituitary gland? Enter in the image below. What effects do these hormones have on the body? Give at least one example of a function for each hormone.arrow_forwardA person with symptoms of hypothyroidism (i.e., sluggishness and intolerance to cold) is found to have abnormally low plasma concentrations of T4, T3, and TSH. After an injection of TRH, the plasma concentrations of all three hormones increase. Where is the site of the defect leading to hypothyroidism?arrow_forward
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