Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 45.6, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Some other ways, besides bird dispersal, that fruits have adapted to disperse their seeds.
Introduction:
Seed dispersal is the process of transport of seeds from their parent plant to other places. As plants do not show mobility, they rely upon their fruits and various vectors for their seed dispersal.
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Imagine that you are a member of a research group conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. Your group has submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document.Unit 8 DQ Question: Why is seed dispersal important in the life of plants? What would be the consequences of having seeds that simply fell to the ground underneath the parent tree? (Editor’s note: addressing this question will provide needed background information to the ‘Introduction’ of your paper).
Imagine that you are a member of a research group conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. Your group has submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document.Question: Why is seed dispersal important in the life of plants? What would be the consequences of having seeds that simply fell to the ground underneath the parent tree?
A slight change in a plant species’ flower structure might favor a different pollinator. How might such a change in flower structure lead to a new plant species? How does coevolution between flowering plants and animal pollinators help explain the huge diversity of angiosperms?
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 45.1 - diagram the life cycles of ferns and flowering...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 45.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 45.2 - Prob. 2TCCh. 45.2 - diagram the structure of a complete flower and...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 45.2 - explain the processes of pollination and double...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 45.3 - explain how the parts of a flower develop into the...
Ch. 45.3 - describe the differences between monocot and dicot...Ch. 45.4 - The warmth of hot flowers attracts pollinators and...Ch. 45.4 - explain why many seeds undergo dormancy before...Ch. 45.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 45.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 45.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 45.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 45.6 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 45.6 - Prob. 1TCCh. 45.6 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 45.6 - describe how fruit structures aid in seed...Ch. 45.6 - Heat-producing flowers are rare, and many are...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1MCCh. 45 - Prob. 2MCCh. 45 - Prob. 3MCCh. 45 - Which of the following is True? a. Moth-pollinated...Ch. 45 - Prob. 5MCCh. 45 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 45 - In a flowering plant, the male gametophyte is the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 45 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 45 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 45 - Diagram the general plant life cycle. Which stages...Ch. 45 - Prob. 2RQCh. 45 - Prob. 3RQCh. 45 - Prob. 4RQCh. 45 - Prob. 5RQCh. 45 - Describe the characteristics you would expect to...Ch. 45 - Prob. 7RQCh. 45 - Describe three mechanisms whereby seed dormancy is...Ch. 45 - Prob. 9RQCh. 45 - Describe three types of fruits and the mechanisms...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1ACCh. 45 - Prob. 2AC
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- What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind pollination? What are the advantages and disadvantages of pollination by animals? Why do both types of pollination persist among the angiosperms?arrow_forwardSome angiosperm species have exclusive relationships with just one species of pollinator. How would this relationship benefit the plant? What are the risks to the plant?arrow_forwardA plant biologist discovers a new species of plant in the ashes of a recent forest fire along the sides of a steep mountain range. It is fall, and temperatures are dropping below freezing. The biologist cannot stay in the field to observe the plant. What can he infer about the plants reproductive strategy based on his recent observations? A) the plant will produce flowers because at this altitude there is sufficient sunlight B) the plant will produce comes because cones will mature into adult plants more rapidly C) the plant will produce cones because cones allow for seed dispersal through all seasons D) the plant will produce flowers because flowers can protect the seed from extreme conditionsarrow_forward
- Several species have leaves that catch and digest insects, obtaining nitrogen fertilizer from their bodies. Describe how each of the following trap leaves function— the pitchers of Nepenthes, the flypaper leaves of sundew, the traps of Venus’ flytrap. Which are active and which are passive?arrow_forwardin fruits of wild daisy, what role can the pappus play in seed dispersal?arrow_forwardIf there is a steep decline in the population of the major pollinators in an area, which of the following angiosperms would be most directly affected: aspen trees, pear trees, or dandelion plants? Why?arrow_forward
- Give economic and ecological significance of Rice (Oryza)arrow_forwardAngiosperms are the most diverse group of plants on the planet, by far. However, using flowers for reproduction does have potential disadvantages. Briefly describe two possible challenges (e.g., problems, risks, costs, etc.) that might be associated with using flowers as a reproductive strategy.arrow_forwardHow does pollination by insects solve many of the problems associated with wind pollination?arrow_forward
- Tobacco plants invest a lot of resources into the production of secondary compounds know as alkaloids (e.g., nicotine) that we believe act as defenses against herbivores. The researchers did an experiment where they added a hormone that reduces the production of alkaloids. In graph (a), the data show that the hormone reduced the proportion of alkaloids as a function of leaf mass relative to controls- so the hormone worked. They also measured the lifetime seed production of the plants in both treatments without any herbivores present (b). They had the following results. What might you conclude/hypothesize/investigate based on the data in graph (b) (a) Chemical defenses (percent of leaf mass) 1.8% 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.2 No hormone added Hormone added (b) Lifetime seed mass (g/plant) -18 14 10 No hormone added Hormone added It would be good to test whether the hormone is very specific or whether it might also cause changes in other metabolic processes The hormone has no effect on the lifetime…arrow_forwardWhich of these is a feature not present in seedless plants that have contributed to the success of seed plants on land? a. Seeds have four layers of protective tissue, the seed coat, that improve survival by providing more protection from environmental stresses. b. The reduced gametophytes of seed plants are nurtured by sporophytes and protected from stress, such as drought conditions and UV radiation. c. Seed germination is solely mediated by water during episodes of heavy rain. d. Pollen grains, with walls containing sporopollenin, deter herbivores. Three unknown non-vascular plant species were collected by Biology 3 students. Which characters BEST discriminate them from one another? 1. protonema II. special organelles III. seta IV. calyptra V. capsule VI. stalk a. I,II,III b. I,III,V c. III, IV, V d. II,IV,VIarrow_forwardThere are the two main characteristics specific to members of angiosperm and attributed as the reason for their success and diversity. What are they and explain how each contributes to the success of this group of plantsarrow_forward
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