Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 46.4, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Chemical elements, such as nitrogen and carbon flow in a cycle. They move from the physical environment to the organisms’ body and then back to the environment, from the cycle started. To transport the chemicals in the ecosystem, biogeochemical cycles are involved in the process.
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In the trophic structure, autotrophs are living organisms that:
Are at the top of the chain, referred to as tertiary producers.
Photosynthetic organisms that produce their own energy
Organisms that receive their energy by consuming producers such as plants
Help to decompose the remains of dead organisms
Net primary productivity refers to
the rate of energy storage as organic matter by autotrophs after respiration is deducted
the total rate of photosynthesis, or energy assimilated, by autotrophs
the amount of accumulated organic matter found in an area at a given time
the production of new tissues and offspring by heterotrophs
Which of the following is true of trophic relationships in an ecosystem?
All energy in the food chain is ultimately transferred to top level carnivores
Most of the useable energy transferred between trophic levels is maintained--very little is
lost
The trophic pyramid predicts that top level carnivores should have the least amount of
biomass in an ecosystem
Net productivity is typically a measure of over-all photosynthesis in an ecosystem
Chapter 46 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 46.1 - If the population pyramid in (a) was inverted,...Ch. 46.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 46.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.1 - The total fertility rate is highest in Latin...Ch. 46.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 46.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 46.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 46.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 46.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 46.7 - Prob. 2BCCh. 46.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 1TYCh. 46 - Prob. 2TYCh. 46 - Prob. 3TYCh. 46 - Prob. 4TYCh. 46 - Prob. 5TYCh. 46 - Prob. 6TYCh. 46 - Prob. 7TYCh. 46 - Prob. 8TYCh. 46 - Prob. 9TYCh. 46 - Prob. 10TYCh. 46 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 46 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 46 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 46 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 46 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- A class is studying the tropic levels of an ecosystem. The pyramid of biomass shown is a model of these trophic levels. Which of the following is the best explanation of the available energy at each of the trophic levels in this ecosystem ? ANSWER CHOICES ARE IN THE PHOTO. thanks.arrow_forwardOrganisms at a higher trophic level have less energy available.comment.arrow_forwardThe benthic zone is home to organisms which are photosynthetic. intertidal. heterotrophic. adapted to high light. Some ecosystems develop a vertical structure (such as seen in a tropical forest). The cause of this is due to competition for which resource? nitrogen minerals moisture carbon dioxide light The biome that is characteristic of Bronx County is a taiga. temperate deciduous forest. temperate rain forest. desert. coniferous forest.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about energy flow in ecosystems on Earth? 99% of energy that reaches the earth is used to drive the process of photosynthesis Only about 10% of energy is moved from one trophic level to the next, while the remaining is lost as heat A very small amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth is scattered or reflected The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be destroyed, but it can be created in plantsarrow_forwardThe Law of 10 determines all the following characteristics except one. Which one characteristic does the Law of 10 NOT determine? Group of answer choices The abundance of individuals at various trophic levels The amount of energy stored in the combined biomass of various trophic levels The combined mass of individuals at various trophic levels The length of food chains The number of species at various trophic levelsarrow_forwardWhich trophic level in an aquatic ecosystem would contain the greatest amount of usable energy? Primary consumers located 150 meters below sea level. Primary producers located 80 meters below sea level. Primary producers located 45 meters below sea level. Primary consumers located 40 meters below sea level.arrow_forward
- Within an ecosystem, the total amount of energy produced initially by primary producers will be _ the total amount of energy lost as heat and respiration across all trophic levels, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. more than unequal to equivalent to less thanarrow_forwardAvailability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels. Why?arrow_forwardHypothetical balanced food chain. Sun and Earth supply 6 units of energy to each plant. For higher tropic levels, individuals consume 2 units of energy each before passing the remainder to the next trophic level. The number of individuals in each trophic level is given below. Complete the table below by computing for the number of energy units in each column. Trophic Levels No. Individuals in Each Trophic Level No. of Units Received from Trophic Level Above No. Units Used / Individual (Resp) No. Units Used in Trophic Level No. Units Remaining & Passed on to Next Trophic Level Mean No. Units Available per Individual in Trophic Level SUN +E = 6 1) Plants 30 180 2 2) Grasshopper 19 2 3) Frog 12 2 4) Snake 8 2 5) Owl 4 2arrow_forward
- The limiting nutrient in an ecosystem is the nutrient; that is the most scarce nutrient that is needed for more growth to occur that is limited however is not needed by many organisms in the system is almost always carbon dioxide is almost always nitrogen gasarrow_forwardZooplankton feed on microscopic surface-dwelling plants Plankton are microscopic organisms on the surface of water Gastropods can hide under the sand during high tide Individual organism that is made of cells Phytoplankton are microscopic plant surface dwellers Organisms are interacting with one another Life forms are adapted on land, air, and water Birds have stronger wings for long distance travel Gastropods have shells Group of organisms which interbreed Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... ◆ + + + ◆ ◆ ◆ →arrow_forwardThe average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?arrow_forward
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