The carbon dioxide exhaled by sailors in a submarine is often removed by reaction with an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution. (a) Write a balanced equation for this
process. (Hint: The products are water and a soluble salt.) (b) If every sailor consumes
Interpretation:
The balanced equation for the given process is to be written and the amounts of
Concept introduction:
The standard enthalpy for a reaction is the amount of enthalpy change which occurs at standard conditions.
The standard enthalpy of a reaction is to be determined by using the equation as given below:
Here, the stoichiometric coefficients are represented by m for the reactants and n for the products. The enthalpy of formation at standard conditions is represented by
The value of enthalpy of formation of an element is zero at its most stable state.
Answer to Problem 133AP
Solution:
(a)
(b)
Explanation of Solution
a) A balance equation for the given process.
The reaction of carbon dioxide with aqueous lithium hydroxide solution and the products formed which are water and a soluble salt are as follows:
Here, the salt formed is lithium carbon trioxide.
Now, balance this equation to obtain the balanced chemical equationas shown below:
Hence, the balanced chemical equation is;
b) The amount of carbon dioxide and lithium hydroxide.
The metabolism of glucose, which is also known as combustion of glucose, takes place as shown below:
From appendix 2,
The enthalpy of formation of oxygen gas is zero because it is in the most stable form.
Calculate the standard enthalpy of reaction as follows:
Substitute
This enthalpy is required for the formation of
The molar mass of carbon dioxide is
Calculate the mass of carbon dioxideas follows:
In one gram, there are
Convert gram to kilogram as follows:
So, the mass of carbon dioxide is
The molar mass of
Calculate the mass of lithium hydroxideas follows:
Convert gram to kilogram as follows:
Hence, the amount of
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