Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 50.3, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
Food travels from the mouth to the stomach, even in the weightlessness of the space.
Introduction:
Digestion is the breakdown of large food particles into smaller water-soluble particles, which can be absorbed into the blood plasma. The process of digestion begins in the mouth after the consumption of the food and ends in the intestine.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Propulsion moves foods from one region of the digestive system to another and use the:
Segmentation – alternating waves of contraction
Peristalsis – moving materials back and forth to aid in mixing
True or False?
Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in
Select one:
a. mastication of food.
b. propulsion of food through the digestive tract.
c. elimination of undigested food.
d. mixing of food.
e. absorption of food.
Home Activity:
Gastric juice is a juice secreted by the stomach. It contains an enzyme called pepsin.
To show the importance of pepsin in the digestion of protein. We performed an
experiment on meat (protein) (document 3) and observed the results (document 4).
pepsin
water
37°C
After
1 hour
1
2
1
2
meat
Meat disappears
meat is
pH=2
pH=2
is still present
(document 3)
(document 4)
Answer the following questions:
1- Pick out from the paragraph the aim of the experiment.
2- Construct a table showing the experimental conditions and the results of test tubes A
and B.
3- Indicate the variable.
4- What does the result indicate in each tube?
5- Explain the results of test tubes A and B.
6- Specify the control tube.
7- Draw out a conclusion.
Chapter 50 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Which of the following statements about movement of food through the gut is FALSE?arrow_forwardThere are several processes that take place from the moment food enters our mouth until it is completely digested and used for energy. Using approximately 400-500 words, describe in detail and in order of process the mechanical (stomach and intestine)and chemical (gastric acid and enzymes) digestion of eating a grilled chicken sandwich with mayonnaise, lettuce, and tomatoes. Note what role the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver play in digestion of the ingredients? From what ingredients is your body deriving its energy and how many basic calories from the macronutrients ingested? Include at least two scholarly references (using APA formatting and style) to guide your answers (note that you can use your textbook as one of your references).arrow_forwardWhy is breathing through the mouth impossible while swallowing a food?arrow_forward
- Consider the following nutrients: (water, simple sugar (glucose), amino acid, and fatty acid). Describe where each one is absorbed in the small intestine and which mechanism (active transport, facilitated diffusion, or simple diffusion) drives their movement into the bloodstream. Please be detailed with your explanationarrow_forwardYou will only describe how proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are digested in the body. The goal is to get to a point where there are only amino acids(from proteins), fatty acids (from lipids), and glucose (from starch). Enzymes are only part of chemical digestion. Provide a simple description of Ingestion, Movement, Mechanical digestions, absorption, and elimination related to your food. Lastly describe what glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids will be used once they are absorbed into the bloodstream.arrow_forwardThe pH has a crucial role in the activation (or deactivation) of enzymes, which regulate digestion and avoid autodigestion (digesting yourself instead of the food). Describe the pH variations along the digestive tract and identify the organs responsible for these changes. Which enzymes are activated and deactivated during the course of the process? How exactly does this protect our digestive system? What other protections does the digestive system implement?arrow_forward
- Explain why protein consumption is important for our muscles?arrow_forwardRegarding energy flow: Glucose is _________________ to carbon dioxide, whereas carbon dioxide is ______________ to glucose.arrow_forwardPut the following events in the corrects order of their occurrence; respiratory chain, digestion, oxidative phosphorylation, TCAarrow_forward
- A deer eats 25kg of herbaceous material per day. The herbaceous material is approximately 20% dry matter(DM) and has an energy content of 10MJ. (kg DM^-1). Of the total energy ingested per day, 25% is excreted as undigested material. Of the 75% that is digested, 80% is lost to metabolic waste products and heat. The remaining 20% is converted to body tissue. How many MJ are converted to tissue on daily basis? Calculate the percentage of energy consumed that is converted to body tissue. Draw a schematic of energy balance.arrow_forwardIn our bodies, how do oxygen and nutrients flow? Describe the functions of each organ system and how they are interconnected. What is the process through which animals and plants transform food into energy?arrow_forwardPlease construct a model to show that the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems work together to supply the body cells with the glucose and oxygen needed for aerobic cellular respiration. Feel free to use words, diagrams, arrows, flowcharts, etc. to get your ideas across. Make sure you include the following information: Digestion of starch into glucose and the location(s) of digestion. Absorption of glucose into the blood and the location of absorption. Blood transporting glucose from the absorption site to the tissues. Glucose entering the tissue cells from the blood. O2 entering the blood in the lungs and the specific location of entrance in the lungs. Blood transporting O2 from the lungs into the tissues. O2 enters the tissues from the blood.arrow_forward
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