Concept explainers
To review:
The two food webs, in the forest and in the lake, the reason behind the high trophic efficiency in one of the above food webs, and to understand, which has the higher production efficiency, a crayfish or a bear on the basis of comparison between the species.
Introduction:
When one organism consumes another organism, which is consumed by other organisms as well, then a food web is formed. The food web occurs in all types of ecosystem. For example, in oceans, the large fishes eat the small fishes, which also get eaten by the octopus. In forests, the frog is eaten by the snake, which is eaten by birds, which further gets preyed upon by large animals. The trophic efficiency is measured as the energy available at one trophic level, divided by the energy available at the immediately below trophic level.
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Life: The Science of Biology
- Hypothetical balanced food chain. Sun and Earth supply 6 units of energy to each plant. For higher tropic levels, individuals consume 2 units of energy each before passing the remainder to the next trophic level. The number of individuals in each trophic level is given below. Complete the table below by computing for the number of energy units in each column and answer the questions below.arrow_forwardWhich of the following terms identifies the amount of energy available at each trophic feeding levelarrow_forwardIndentify the correct food web for each question. Which type of food web cycles materials and moves energy into and out of the community? Grazing Which type of food web is dominant in Central Park's forests and pond? Detrital Which food web includes humans? Grazingarrow_forward
- PLEASE ANSWER A AND B As we know, energy is lost moving from one trophic level to the next (total energy moved from one trophic level to the next is usually estimated at 10%). The total loss is known as trophic efficiency. Trophic efficiency is made of 3 parts (3 places where energy is lost). You need to pick TWO of the three individual efficiencies that make up the overall trophic efficiency and for EACH, tell me: a. What do we call this part of trophic efficiency? b. How is energy lost in this part of trophic efficiency? c. We discussed characteristics of an organism or environment that made it more or less efficient in certain parts of trophic efficiency (we did not use this one in class, but for instance, endoparasites have a higher xxxxxxx efficiency than ectoparasites). Tell me what characteristics of an organism/ecosystem (other than the example above) would make it more or less efficient for this part of Trophic efficiency. (Make sure to say what characteristics makes it…arrow_forwardA Food Web om Eage Pythan Wolf Rat Dragonfly Thrush Frog Butterfly Fruit Fly Grasshopper Mangoes Corn A Flowering Plant Lavenders Look at the food web above to answer the following questions. 1. Which organisms are the producers in this food web? 2. Which organism is an example of a primary consumer? 3. Which organism is an example of a tertiary consumer?arrow_forwardAvailability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels. Why?arrow_forward
- Availability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels.Why?arrow_forwardSuppose that blue sheep are the most important prey of snow leopard, and that the predator‒prey interaction follows Lotka‒Volterra dynamics. The mortality rate of snow leopard in the absence of blue sheep is 0.1 per week, and the intrinsic growth rate of blue sheep in the absence of snow leopard predation is 0.2 per week. Snow leopard capture efficiency is 0.002, and the efficiency at which blue sheep biomass is converted into snow leopard biomass is 0.2. If there are initially 30 snow leopards and 400 blue sheep, the overall rate of change in the blue sheep population will be a gain of ____ per week.arrow_forwardEcosystemA hasprimary production of 1000 g C /m2/yr and ecological efficiency of 10%. Ecosystem B has primary production of 300 g C /m2/yr and an ecological efficiency of 25%. a.Which ecosystem will have more production at thesecondary consumer (carnivore) trophic level? b.Which ecosystem is more likely to support an endothermic primary consumer (herbivore)? c.If atrophic level requires at least 1 gC/m2/yr in order to exist, how many trophic levels can each of these ecosystems support?d.Given your answer to part c, which do you thinkhas a larger impact on the energy available at upper trophic levels: primary productivity or efficiency of energy movement across trophic levels?arrow_forward
- Explain why there are differences in the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels. Explain what happens to the energy which is not transferred to the next trophic level in a food chain when one organism feeds on another.arrow_forwardWhat does each pie slice represent? a. Amount of energy available to support each trophic level b. Amount of energy that can be converted to biomass at a higher trophic level c. Amount of energy available from the sun d. Inefficiency of energy flow from one trophic level to the nextarrow_forwardHypothetical balanced food chain. Sun and Earth supply 6 units of energy to each plant. For higher tropic levels, individuals consume 2 units of energy each before passing the remainder to the next trophic level. The number of individuals in each trophic level is given below. Complete the table below by computing for the number of energy units in each column. Answer the following questions: Discuss how the food chain works. Where does each trophic component or level get its energy (food) from? What is the ultimate source of energy for all components of the food chain? Which component got the highest amount of available energy/individual? Why do members of this component need the most energy?arrow_forward
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