Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 68E
How does the bond energy of HCl(g) differ from the standard enthalpy of formation of HCl(g)?
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Ch. 7 - Does a cation gain protons to form a positive...Ch. 7 - Iron(III) sulfate [Fe2( SO 4)3] is composed of...Ch. 7 - Which of the following atoms would be expected to...Ch. 7 - Which of the following atoms would be expected to...Ch. 7 - Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed...Ch. 7 - Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed...Ch. 7 - Write the electron configuration for each of the...Ch. 7 - Write the electron configuration for the monatomic...Ch. 7 - Write out the full electron configuration for each...Ch. 7 - From the labels of several commercial products,...
Ch. 7 - Why is it incorrect to speak of a molecule of...Ch. 7 - What information can you use to predict whether a...Ch. 7 - Predict which of the following compounds are ionic...Ch. 7 - Explain the difference between a nonpolar covalent...Ch. 7 - From its position in the periodic table, determine...Ch. 7 - From its position in the periodic table, determine...Ch. 7 - From their positions in the periodic able, arrange...Ch. 7 - From their positions in the periodic table,...Ch. 7 - Which atoms can bond to sulfur so as to produce a...Ch. 7 - Which is the most polar bond? (a) CC (b) CH (c) NH...Ch. 7 - Identify the more polar bond in each of the...Ch. 7 - Which of the following molecules or ions contain...Ch. 7 - Write the Lewis symbols for each of the following...Ch. 7 - Many monatomic ions are found in seawater,...Ch. 7 - Write the Lewis symbols of the ions in each of the...Ch. 7 - Iii (he Lewis structures listed here, M and X...Ch. 7 - Write the Lewis structure for the diatomic...Ch. 7 - Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) H2...Ch. 7 - Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) O2...Ch. 7 - Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) ClF3...Ch. 7 - Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) SeF6...Ch. 7 - Write Lewis structures for: (a) PO43 (b) ICl4 (c)...Ch. 7 - Correct the following statement: The bonds in...Ch. 7 - Write Lewis structures for the following molecules...Ch. 7 - Methanol, H3COH, is used as the fuel in some race...Ch. 7 - Many planets in our solar system contain organic...Ch. 7 - Carbon tetrachloride was formerly used in fire...Ch. 7 - Identify the atoms that correspond to each of the...Ch. 7 - The arrangement of atoms in several biologically...Ch. 7 - A compound with a molar mass of about 28 g/mol...Ch. 7 - A compound with a molar mass of about 42 g/mol...Ch. 7 - Two arrangements of atoms are possible for a...Ch. 7 - How are single, double, and triple bonds similar?...Ch. 7 - Write resonance forms that describe the...Ch. 7 - Write resonance forms that describe the...Ch. 7 - Write the resonance forms of ozone, Q3, the...Ch. 7 - Sodium nitrite, which has been used to preserve...Ch. 7 - In terms of the bonds present, explain why acetic...Ch. 7 - Write the Lewis structures for the following, and...Ch. 7 - Toothpastes containing sodium hydrogen carbonate...Ch. 7 - Determine the formal charge of each element in the...Ch. 7 - Determine the formal charge of each element in the...Ch. 7 - Calculate the formal charge of chlorine in the...Ch. 7 - 54. Calculate the formal charge of each element in...Ch. 7 - Draw all possible resonance structures for each of...Ch. 7 - Based on formal charge considerations, which of...Ch. 7 - Based on formal charge considerations, which of...Ch. 7 - Based on formal charge considerations, which of...Ch. 7 - Draw the structure of hydroxylamine, H3NO, and...Ch. 7 - Iodine forms a series of fluorides (listed here)....Ch. 7 - Write the Lewis structure and chemical formula of...Ch. 7 - Which of the following structures would we expect...Ch. 7 - Sulfuric acid is the industrial chemical produced...Ch. 7 - Which bond in each of the following pairs of bonds...Ch. 7 - Using the bond energies in Table 7.2, determine...Ch. 7 - Using the bond energies in Table 7.2, determine...Ch. 7 - When a molecule can form two different structures,...Ch. 7 - How does the bond energy of HCl(g) differ from the...Ch. 7 - Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in...Ch. 7 - Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in...Ch. 7 - Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in...Ch. 7 - Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in...Ch. 7 - Complete the following Lewis structure by adding...Ch. 7 - Use the bond energy to calculate an approximate...Ch. 7 - Element First Ionization Energy (kJImol) Second...Ch. 7 - The lattice energy of LiF is 1023 kJ/mol, and the...Ch. 7 - For which of the following substances is the least...Ch. 7 - The reaction of a metal, M, with a halogen, X2,...Ch. 7 - The lattice energy of LiF is 1023 kJ/mol, and the...Ch. 7 - Which compound in each of the following pairs has...Ch. 7 - Which compound in each of the following pairs has...Ch. 7 - Which of the following compounds requires the most...Ch. 7 - Which of the following compounds requires the most...Ch. 7 - The lattice energy of KF is 794 kJ/mol, and the...Ch. 7 - Explain why the HOH molecule is bent, whereas the...Ch. 7 - What feature of a Lewis structure can be used to...Ch. 7 - Explain the difference between electron-pair...Ch. 7 - Why is the HNH angle in NH3 smaller than the HCH...Ch. 7 - Explain how a molecule that contains polar bonds...Ch. 7 - As a general rule, MX molecules (where M...Ch. 7 - Predict the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 7 - Identify the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 7 - What are the electron-pair geometry and the...Ch. 7 - Predict the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 7 - Identify the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 7 - Predict the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 7 - Which of the following molecules and ions contain...Ch. 7 - Which of these molecules and ions contain polar...Ch. 7 - Which of the following molecules have dipole...Ch. 7 - Identify the molecules with a dipole moment: (a)...Ch. 7 - The molecule XF3 has a dipole moment. Is X boron...Ch. 7 - The molecule XCl2 has a dipole moment. Is X...Ch. 7 - Is the Cl2BBCl2 molecule polar or nonpolar?Ch. 7 - There are three possible structures for PCl2F3...Ch. 7 - Describe the molecular structure around the...Ch. 7 - Draw the Lewis structures and predict the shape of...Ch. 7 - A molecule with the formula AB2, in which A and B...Ch. 7 - A molecule with the formula AB3, in which A and B...Ch. 7 - Draw the Lewis electron dot structures for these...Ch. 7 - What is the molecular structure of the stable form...Ch. 7 - A compound with a molar mass of about 42 g/mol...Ch. 7 - Use the simulation...Ch. 7 - Use the simulation...Ch. 7 - Use the Molecule Shape simulator...Ch. 7 - Use the Molecule Shape simulator...Ch. 7 - Use the Molecule Shape simulator...
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- hat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is enthalpy a state function? In what experimental apparatus are enthalpy changes measured?arrow_forwardCompare your answers from parts a and b of Exercise 69 of Chapter 3 with H values calculated for each reaction using standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix 4. Do enthalpy changes calculated from bond energies give a reasonable estimate of the actual values?arrow_forwardThe reaction of quicklime, CaO, with water produces slaked lime, Ca(OH)2, which is widely used in the construction industry to make mortar and plaster. The reaction of quicklime and water is highly exothermic: CaO(s)+H2O(l)Ca(OH)2(s)H=350kJmol1 (a) What is the enthalpy of reaction per gram of quicklime that reacts?. (b) How much heat, in kilojoules, is associated with the production of 1 ton of slaked lime?arrow_forward
- With a platinum catalyst, ammonia will burn in oxygen to give nitric oxide, NO. 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g)+6H2O(g);H=906kJ What is the enthalpy change for the following reaction? NO(g)+32H2O(g)NH3(g)+34O2(g)arrow_forwardA commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH, consists of passing ethylene gas. C2H4, and steam over an acid catalyst (to speed up the reaction). The gas-phase reaction is Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction when 37.0 g of ethyl alcohol is produced.arrow_forwardEnthalpy changes for the following reactions can be determined experimentally: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) rH = 91.8 kJ/mol-rxn 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) rH = 906.2 kJ/mol-rxn H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(g) rH = 241.8 kl/mol-rxn Use these values to determine the enthalpy change for the formation of NO(g) from the elements (an enthalpy change that cannot be measured directly because the reaction is reactant-favored). N2(g) + O2(g) NO(g) rH = ?arrow_forward
- For the reactions of molecular hydrogen with fluorine and with chlorine: (a) Calculate the enthalpy change for breaking all the bonds in the reactants. (b) Calculate the enthalpy change for forming all the bonds in the products. (c) From the results in parts (a) and (b), calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction. (d) Which reaction is most exothermic?arrow_forward9.41 Under what conditions does the enthalpy change equal the heat of a process?arrow_forwardEstimate H for the following reactions using bond energies given in Table 8.5. 3CH2=CH2(g) + 3H2(g) 3CH2CH3(g) The enthalpies of formation for C6H6(g) and C6H12 (g) are 82.9 and 90.3 kJ/mol. respectively. Calculate H for the two reactions using standard enthalpies of formation from Appendix 4. Account for any differences between the results obtained from the two methods.arrow_forward
- Hydrogen, H2, is prepared by steam reforming, in which hydrocarbons are reacted with steam. For CH4, CH4(g)+H2O(g)CO(g)+3H2(g) Calculate the enthalpy change H for this reaction, using standard enthalpies of formation.arrow_forwardGiven the following data calculate H for the reaction On the basis of the enthalpy change, is this a useful reaction for the synthesis of ammonia?arrow_forward9.99 The chemical reaction BBr3(g)+BCl3(g)BBr2Cl(g)+BCl2Br(g) , has an enthalpy change very close to zero. Using Lewis structures of the molecules, all of which have a central boron atom, provide a molecular-level description of why H for this reaction might be very small.arrow_forward
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