Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 1E
Explain how
Expert Solution & Answer
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: To explain how the sigma (s) and pi (p) bonds are similar and different.
Concept introduction: A sigma bond is formed by the axial overlap of atomic orbitalsand the pi bonds are formed by the side-to-side overlap of p-orbitals.
Answer to Problem 1E
Similarities: Both sigma and pi bonds are formed by the overlapping of orbital and these bonds are covalent bonds.
Differences: Sigma bond is the strong bond whereas pi bond is weaker in comparison to sigma bond.
Pi bond is formed by the side to side overlapping of atomic orbital whereas sigma bond is formed by the linear (end to end) overlapping of atomic orbital.
Explanation of Solution
The sigma and pi both the bonds are formed by sharing of an electron pair that is both are covalent bonds. The sigma bond is formed when two orbitals overlap axially along the internuclear axis; it is strong bond as it requires very high energy to break. The sigma bonds of molecules give the shape of a molecule as per VSEPR model. The sigma bonds can rotate but the pi bonds cannot because if a pi bond is rotated it will break.
Therefore, the similarity between sigma and pi bonds are that both are formed by the overlap of orbital and both the bonds are covalent bonds that is it involves a bond pair. The difference between sigma and pi bonds are that sigma bond is the strongest bond while pi bonds are weaker as compared to sigma bond. Sigma bond is formed by linear overlap of atomic orbital while the pi bond is formed by side-to-side overlap of atomic orbital. Sigma bond gives the shape while a pi bond gives the length of a molecule. Sigma bond is free to rotate around its axis while the pi bond cannot rotate it is locked.
Conclusion
Similarities: Both sigma and pi bonds are formed by the overlapping of orbital and these bonds are covalent bonds.
Differences: Sigma bond is the strong bond whereas pi bond is weaker in comparison to sigma bond.
Pi bond is formed by the side to side overlapping of atomic orbital whereas sigma bond is formed by the linear (end to end) overlapping of atomic orbital.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Ch. 8 - Explain how and bonds are similar and how they...Ch. 8 - Draw a curve that describes the energy of a system...Ch. 8 - Explain why bonds occur at specific average bond...Ch. 8 - Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in...Ch. 8 - Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in...Ch. 8 - How many and bonds are present in the molecule...Ch. 8 - A friend tells you N2 has three bonds due to...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for CO2 and CO, and...Ch. 8 - Why is the concept of hybridization required in...Ch. 8 - Give the shape that describes each hybrid orbital...
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